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Leaked Agenda: Bilderberg Group Plans Economic Depression
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On the eve of the 2009 Bilderberg Group conference, which is due to be held May 14-17 at the 5 star Nafsika Astir Palace Hotel in Vouliagmeni, Greece, investigative reporter Daniel Estulin has uncovered shocking details of what the elitists plan to do with the economy over the course of the next year.
The Bilderberg Group meeting is an annual confab of around 150 of the world’s most influential powerbrokers in government, industry, banking, media, academia and the military-industrial complex. The secretive group operates under “Chatham House rules,” meaning that no details of what is discussed can ever be leaked to the media, despite editors of the world’s biggest newspapers, the Washington Post, the New York Times and the Financial Times, being present at the meeting.
According to Estulin’s sources, which have been proven highly accurate in the past, Bilderberg is divided on whether to put into motion, “Either a prolonged, agonizing depression that dooms the world to decades of stagnation, decline and poverty … or an intense-but-shorter depression that paves the way for a new sustainable economic world order, with less sovereignty but more efficiency.”
The information takes on added weight when one considers the fact that Estulin’s previous economic forecasts, which were based on leaks from the same sources, have proven deadly accurate. Estulin correctly predicted the housing crash and the 2008 financial meltdown as a result of what his sources inside Bilderberg told him the elite were planning based on what was said at their 2006 meeting in Canada and the 2007 conference in Turkey.
Details of the economic agenda were contained in a pre-meeting booklet being handed out to Bilderberg members. On a more specific note, Estulin warns that Bilderberg are fostering a false picture of economic recovery, suckering investors into ploughing their money back into the stock market again only to later unleash another massive downturn which will create “massive losses and searing financial pain in the months ahead,” according to a Canada Free Press report.
According to Estulin, Bilderberg is assuming that U.S. unemployment figures will reach around 14% by the end of the year, almost doubling the current official figure of 8.1 per cent.
Estulin’s sources also tell him that Bilderberg will again attempt to push for the enactment of the Lisbon Treaty, a key centerpiece of the agenda to fully entrench a federal EU superstate, by forcing the Irish to vote again on the document in September/October despite having rejected it already, along with other European nations, in national referendums.
“One of their concerns is addressing and neutralizing the anti-Lisbon treaty movement called “Libertas” led by Declan Ganley. One of the Bilderberger planned moves is to use a whispering campaign in the US media suggested that Ganley is being funded by arms dealers in the US linked to the US military,” reports CFP.
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Daniel Estulin, Jim Tucker, and other sources who have infiltrated Bilderberg meetings in the past have routinely provided information about the Bilderberg agenda that later plays out on the world stage, proving that the organization is not merely a “talking shop” as debunkers claim, but an integral planning forum for the new world order agenda.
Indeed, just last month Belgian viscount and current Bilderberg-chairman Étienne Davignon bragged that Bilderberg helped create the Euro by first introducing the policy agenda for a single currency in the early 1990’s. Bilderberg’s agenda for a European federal superstate and a single currency likely goes back even further. A BBC investigation uncovered documents from the early Bilderberg meetings which confirmed that the European Union was a brainchild of Bilderberg.
In spring 2002, when war hawks in the Bush administration were pushing for a summer invasion of Iraq, Bilderbergers expressed their desire for a delay and the attack was not launched until March the following year.
In 2006, Estulin predicted that the U.S. housing market would be allowed to soar before the bubble was cruelly popped, which is exactly what transpired.
In 2008, Estulin predicted that Bilderberg were creating the conditions for a financial calamity, which is exactly what began a few months later with the collapse of Lehman Brothers.
Bilderberg has routinely flexed its muscles in establishing its role as kingmaker. The organization routinely selects presidential candidates as well as running mates and prime ministers.
Bill Clinton and Tony Blair were both groomed by the secretive organization in the early 1990’s before rising to prominence.
Barack Obama’s running mate Joe Biden was selected by Bilderberg luminary James A. Johnson, and John Kerry’s 2004 running mate John Edwards was also anointed by the group after he gave a glowing speech at the conference in 2004. Bilderberg attendees even broke house rules to applaud Edwards at the end of a speech he gave to the elitists about American politics. The choice of Edwards was shocking to media pundits who had fully expected Dick Gephardt to secure the position. The New York Post even reported that Gephardt had been chosen and “Kerry-Gephardt” stickers were being placed on campaign vehicles before being removed when Edwards was announced as Kerry’s number two.
A 2008 Portuguese newspaper report highlighted the fact that Pedro Santana Lopes and Jose Socrates attended the 2004 meeting in Stresa, Italy before both going on to become Prime Minster of Portugal.
Several key geopolitical decisions were made at last year’s Bilderberg meeting in Washington DC, again emphasizing the fact that the confab is far more than an informal get-together.
As we reported at the time, Bilderberg were concerned that the price of oil was accelerating too fast after it hit $150 a barrel and wanted to ensure that “oil prices would probably begin to decline”. This is exactly what happened in the latter half of 2008 as oil again sunk below $50 a barrel. We were initially able to predict the rapid rise in oil prices in 2005 when oil was at $40, because Bilderberg had called for prices to rise during that year’s meeting in Munich. During the conference in Germany, Henry Kissinger told his fellow attendees that the elite had resolved to ensure that oil prices would double over the course of the next 12-24 months, which is exactly what happened.
Also at last year’s meeting, former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice formalized plans to sign a treaty on installing a U.S. radar base in the Czech Republic with Czech Foreign Minister Karel Schwarzenberg.
Rice was joined at the meeting by Defense Secretary Robert Gates, who reportedly encouraged EU globalists to get behind an attack on Iran. Low and behold, days later the EU threatened Iran with sanctions if it did not suspend its nuclear enrichment program.
There was also widespread speculation that Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama’s “secret meeting,” which was accomplished with the aid of cloak and dagger tactics like locking journalists on an airplane to keep them from tracking the two down, took place at the Bilderberg meeting in DC.
It remains to be seen what kind of mainstream media press coverage Bilderberg 2009 will be afforded because, despite the proven track record of Bilderberg having a central role in influencing subsequent geopolitical and financial world events, and despite last year’s meeting being held in Washington DC, the U.S. corporate media oversaw an almost universal blackout of reporting on the conference, its attendees, and what was discussed.
Once again, it will be left to the alternative media to fill the vacuum and educate the people on exactly what the globalists have planned for us over the coming year.
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May 6th, 2009 at 12:40 pm
Oh shit,
http://www.youtube.com/user/XNorthAmericanUnionX
chainsawman Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:24 pm
Why don’t we just cut off the snakes head & take out these criminally insane murdering bastards?
SonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:09 pm
The Stone the BUILDERS rejected has become the Cap Stone-its written
No King but Jesus-The First Americans
Shiloh Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:51 pm
I don’t get it. I came here to promote my website and agenda. http://www.savingeast liverpool.com I need a little insight some of you deep thinkers may have.
jones Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:34 pm
How can Daniel still be alive?Or is he just teliing us what the BILDEBERGER are telling him to say?
endTHEwar Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:43 am
when i see bernanke’s face i get really pi$$ed off.
AlexJoneMedia Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 11:03 pm
** http://www.youtube.com/user/AlexJoneMedia
Yep Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:57 pm
I agree
carlee Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 11:06 pm
There are good people on our side in this group of elites We will never know who they are but we should be glad they do exist.
JJ Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:28 am
sounds familiar to a line in 1984. does goldstien exist or is it anothr lie?
Austin Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:19 pm
Yes Chainsaw man, and we need to wake our military to the fact that it is illegal to follow illegal orders. Although “counter treason patriots” are growing within the military, law enforcement, and intelligence communities, we need to help awaken these agencies to the fact that our freedom is in jeopardy.
This quote from Obama’s chief foreign affairs advisor and creator, Zbigniew Brzezinski, should make anyone stand up in outrage! I found it at http://investigate911.org
“In the technetronic society the trend seems to be toward aggregating the individual support of millions of unorganized citizens, who are easily within the reach of magnetic and attractive personalities, and effectively exploiting the latest communication techniques to manipulate emotions and control reason. Reliance on television—and hence the tendency to replace language with imagery, which is international rather than national…” –Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives (1997, pages 211 & 36 respectively), National Security Advisor to U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Director of CFR 1972-1977, cofounder (with David Rockefeller), first Director, and Architect of the Trilateral Commission 1973-1976, member of the CFR and Bilderberg Group, Chief Adviser to President Barack Obama.
The Website also provides a link to Brzezinski’s book (that you can download free) where he wrote these telling words.
This is an example of the kind of hard evidence needed to stop this treasonous cabal!
Viva the Freedom Movement!
Lisa Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:32 am
Brzezinski is a DEVIL!
endTHEwar Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:47 am
I agree austin and lisa…
what they are doing is evil and destructive… and this just shows that they are fully aware of their manipulation of the masses… but in a way… isn’t he right? aren’t the masses so dumb and ignorant and so easily misled?
Oooo-Baaaaah-maaaaa.
Free Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 7:48 pm
If the all were to die??
Faux Patriot Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:20 pm
Great point chainsawman. If you folks really believe that there is a murdurous cabal who is poisoning your children and plotting your destruction and enslavement, then why not find these “elitists” and murder them one by one? Either you folks don’t actually believe this stuff or you’re cowards. I call bullshit on this entire movement. It’s just a fantasy folks.
nomanslands Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 9:39 am
Before people get mad – Faux Patriot has a point. We need to stop complaining and start taking action. Its time we take back what is ours – our freedom! Its time we take a stand against these tyrants and dictators. We can not just sit idly by and hum and haw over it, complain and gripe about it. The time for action is NOW. We NEED TO DO SOMETHING.
WE NEED TO ORGANIZE
WE NEED TO UNITE
madmen make more sense Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 11:14 am
ditto, all bark no bite.
Line in the sand Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 11:32 am
LOOK FOLKS if you get a troll on this sight then respond with EVIDENCE from the facts like this one=> http://www.bentham-open.org/pa…..7TOCPJ.SGM
From now on reply to TROLLS with PEER REVIEWS and profesionals that speek the facts that only science and math can say.
And to you trolls I hope your silver is worth your soul
jones Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:38 pm
How can Daniel still be alive if He really is telling us secrets?
jackal210 Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 3:23 am
if he was to be killed dont you think it prove more to the people then them ignoring him, not to mention they feel we are stupid and will not do anything, sheep to be hearded, cattle to be moved from our land, they care because the plan is in motion, its to late to stop it we can only fight
qi woo Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 3:53 pm
A: Because these bastards are just minions too
B:They would just put someone else in there place
C:Then they would go hot.
HeartBreaker Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:22 pm
I think a Rep. from every state should organize a nationwide gang-rush on the White house and on the Bilderberg Group! Get together all the adults you can..all meet in a specified area at a specific time and demand redemption! Hell if i can’t get there I’ll hitch a ride with my fellow man. Everyone must bond together and take these bastards down! Esp. The Federal Reserve Bank and the Bilderberg Group~ Those two entities are behind our demise!
censorme Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 12:18 am
You cannot talk about the work called p o l i t i c a l p o n e r o l o g y on this site. Google it for yourself.
The p s y c h o p a t h s have taken over. They don’t care about the truth movement – they own it.
The suffering they cause is food for i n t e r – d i m e n s i o n a l beings called d e v i l s in the tradtions of human kind.
forewarned is forarmed.
yes Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 9:14 am
They have shown us their global finance system with the economic meltdown. They have shown us their global health system with the pandemic scare. They are getting ready to show us their global military system with a tactical (false flag) nuke strategically place within our country and several other country’s. After this, all systems will be in place to begin their final solution. Extermination of all useless eaters.
Lets get it on!
mark Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 4:14 pm
why dont you guys have a tea party about this!!!!! see if fox news will promote it
drew Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:20 pm
if i looked like some of these freak shows i would be pissed off at the world too! i would bet they go for the long term depression in this chapter in thier “story”
May 6th, 2009 at 12:42 pm
I invested time in trying to understand the psychological state of this cabal by reviewing their symbolism.
I started with the 30 foot or so stone owl they worship at Bohemian Grove once a year. The owl represents the Goddess of Wealth. rhe fact that it is made of stone signifies, ” no empathy”.
Remember these last words when this cabal states their actions are “for your own good”.
New here Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 12:52 pm
And it is sad Marie, that these people are children of God and they spit on him and refuse His love.
For it would be better that they were never born, than to insult God in this way.
balgorg Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:05 pm
Which god are you refering to? Besides spitting in the face of any god aint exactly a conspiracy now is it? Waste of spit if you ask me, keep it in.
I hate Bill Cooper trolls Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:49 pm
Old news indeed, but at least Jim Tucker confirmed it.
Real Perspective Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:35 pm
This is figurative statement discribing their spiritiual condition which is evident by their actions. If there is only One true God who is good, they are spitting in his face by committing to evil.
Wake Up Inc. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:24 pm
Yes, but remember “God helps those who help themself”
Lock and Load Folks, and the good book makes a great platform for long range :-}
Happy Days :-}
Rebel Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:04 pm
At the risk sound condescending. What passage of scripture states “God helps those who help themselves”? If anyone can tell me the passage or passages that says that, I would greatly appretiate reading that for myself.
Dan Blocker Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:54 pm
Actually, there is no scripture that states this. This phrase comes from an old Bonanza show where ‘Hoss,’ (actor Dan Blocker) made the statement in a particular episode and incorrectly gave reference of it to the Bible.
It’s simply an urban legend that took root, similar to the “three” wise men who gathered at the manger. The Bible makes no mention of the number of wise men and they visited Jesus at a house, not a manger, quite some time after His birth. The book of Luke is clear on this.
http://www.bible.ca/D-Xmas-story.htm
Dolt Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:54 pm
Not Scripture!
It is a quote from our founding father Benjamen Franklin! Here is something I once wrote about that quote.
The stupidest phrase in all of history would have to be, “Let go and let God.” Really people! Come on, I mean anyone who says or believes that should be forced onto a suspended wire to test their beliefs. People need to realize that they are in control of their lives, even though there are numerous forces out there that would like to convince you otherwise. These forces have many faces and the ultimate goal is varying forms of control. The only force you should yield too or permit too are those destructive, powerful, and mysterious forces of nature. Moreover, any person well prepared should be able to survive most forces of nature. I think it was Benjamin Franklin that once said, ”God helps them that help themselves.” Now that is a beautiful and beneficial phrase to know. “Let go and let God” truly sounds like the words of a quitter and nothing else. Whereas, “God helps them that help themselves,” sound like the words of a strong person, who takes responsibility for their actions and could stand face to face with god when their judgment comes.
Be Spiritual, Be Strong, Don’t Hate, and Don’t Submit!
REBEL Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:44 pm
Thank you Tom and Dan
Shiloh Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:46 pm
There is not a single passage in the bible that reads as the man below puts it. God helps them that helps themselves. In addition, it’s the other way around completely. I would expect such nonsense and garbage. We are missing the point completely. I understand that the author of this site is trying to make a buck, and it is somewhat entertaining. But, you have to ask yourself at some point. Does any of this crap make sense. We are giving way more power to theses “builderburghs” or however you say it, than they deserve. They are nothing more than a bunch of rich, feel good, oh look at me secretly meeting in some far of part of the world, self important jerks. And you give them their power. You hunt them down and take paparazzi pictures of them like they are Angelina Jolie. Let them do whatever it is they want or feel they need to do. The nice thing about our forefathers is that they had enough sense and foresight to see that there would be someday, someone or a group that would try to take over the world. All of this is taken care of in our constitution and bill of rights. The only thing we keep doing wrong is not voting them out. We keep voting them back in again and again. Wake up AMERICA!!! The way out of this is right in front of you. And sorry Alex, it does not come by way of a black helicopter. It’s call the Republic. Ban together and vote them out of office. They only have four years to do any damage. And all of it can be fixed. I understand that selling fear equals cash, as far as a website and a mission goes. But is it really doing any good. The worst thing you can do in any time like this is pass off bad useless information and create a part of society that believes this stuff. What real good is it going to do. I mean really.
Learnedthehardway2000 Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 6:45 am
There is no passage in the Bible that says God helps those who help themselves, but the Bible DOES allude to it when God tells us to “Prepare” for hardships such as famine, plague, etc.
Tom Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:33 pm
Are you kidding me? No where in the bible is it written “God helps those the help themselves” but it does say who lives by the sword dies by the sword. It also says those that try to save their lives will lose it, yet those that lose it for his sake will gain life.
TheSonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:36 pm
come out of Babylon my People(save yourself from Gods wrath)
It was for the sake of the Name they went(duty)
(YOU)do not let yourslves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery
(YOU)mine enemies that would not have me rule
the armies of heaven are following(duty) Him
confess with your tongue(duty)
go to the whole world and preach(duty)
love(duty) your neighbor as yourself
no greater love than a man lay down(freewill offering duty)his life for His friends
for our bride too as He did(duty)
proclaim freedom to your fellowcountryman(duty)
forgive(duty)
TheMessenger Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 12:32 pm
To fix your quote Tom
Matthew 10:39
He that finds his life shall lose it: and he that loses his life for my sake shall find it.
GOD is real, VERY REAL. But hey, we are not here to discuss faith are we? Faith is what drives me with proper motive… But that’s my own personal motive.
We need to rise to defeat the bad guys, the evil ones, the ones who wish to control our lives.
Only GOD has that right, and he gave me free will to protect my right from trespassers against it.
Unity and fight evil tyrants.
Sara Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 9:01 am
The Bible definitely does not say “God helps those who help themselves.” It’s actually quite the opposite: “Trust in the Lord with ALL YOUR HEART, and lean NOT on your OWN understanding. In ALL your ways acknowledge Him, and HE WILL MAKE YOUR PATHS straight.” We can’t do anything without God! When the real bad stuff starts, the calm, cool, collected will be the Christians- who trust God first and count on Him to provide protection, food, shelter, healing. It may not make sense to the unbelieving out there, but the way Christians conduct themselves during this mess will be a witness and testimony to our Lord. You can’t take Christ from me! Bring it on!
Overworld Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 10:18 am
The phrase “God helps those who help themself” is not actually in the Good Book, and I just noticed that several other people pointed this out, sorry for being redundant.
Gargoyles Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:16 pm
Owl standing close to the JESUIT STATUE!!!!!!! Eh, Lucy! Little freudian slip when David asked you if you signed an agreement to get in there. You answer “Yes….Yes…..No actually , no I didn’t!”. Caught that one too LUCY!!!
Truth=Hate Speech Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:18 pm
And that is why they are calling the alternative media “terrorist”. Note the entry for “alternative media”
http://hotair.cachefly.net/ima.....exicon.pdf
RR Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:31 pm
actually its name is Molech an owl god representing Satan that God, the real One, specifically warned Israel not to get involved with after He helped them out of Egypt; if you believe that sort of thing.
(you’d better believe that Davie Rockefeller and his lap dogs like Kissinger do; from an “Angel of Light” or ILLUMINATED perspective that is).
http://www.THEorYofLIVEvolution.com
Infowars Chat Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:33 pm
Love the Tucker
Infowars Chat
chainsawman Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:26 pm
ALEX JONES EATS BIG DICK!
Real Perspective Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:44 pm
A provocateur is a person who provokes trouble, causes dissension, or is an agitator.
yes Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 10:03 am
chainsaw-boy, grow up.
Treason to the Patriot Act Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 10:08 am
So during this Revolution.. we’re gonna let them start with us each time? I don’t know about you, but I’d rather murder them before they murder us. Call me a provocateur, but if I ever get the chance, I’m taking the first shot.
madmen make more sense Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 11:19 am
Treason, I CALL YOUR BLUFF
Treason to the Patriot Act Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 12:14 pm
Call my bluff if you want. I don’t say things I don’t mean. My more militant comments keep getting deleted.. wonder why.
jackal210 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:08 pm
but at least he tells the truth to the best of his knowledge, he tells you to go do your own research, he can not make up what is on our own gov websites, look into the laws they are changing and have changed, look into the rights fema has over you in martial law, look into the north american union, look into the iron mountain report from the 60’s, stuff from that report is happening now, in case you cant add that is atleast a 40 year old plan, look into how much money we owe other countries, how are we going to pay them if we dont have any money, you think they want our monopoly money, your taxes and social security go to pay all these debts
chainsawman Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:50 pm
JERK OFF JACKALASS! Alex only tells you truths in order to fool you into believing in his trojan horse ass. Do you think he’s stupid enough to tell you something you could prove a lie? His job is to keep people so busy talking about shit that nobody’s actually doing anything about shit. And to get your name on the list. This bastard is a real trojan horse & is good at his job. He’s suckered a lot of people who are much smarter than average but not quite sharp enough to see through his phony ass. Why do you think he shed that phony Texas accent when he’s never even left texas? Cause it was a fake accent,anyway, you FOOL!
Hello Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:18 pm
chainsawman – No doubt Alex is used by the elites to identify those who are awake, so that they may be targetted. Obviously it would be quite difficult for them to eliminate resistance to the NWO if they could not identify who is awake. I believe this is the #1 reason that he is not killed. Other people think it is because they don’t want to make a martyr out of him; in any case, if they feel threatened enough to murder him, or other people who speak out, that would only strengthen the claim that they are exposing the truth. And of course Alex is not “stupid enough to tell you something you could prove a lie”. However, the elites and the corporate-controlled MSM exhibit this form of stupidity. Alex uses evidence, facts and logic to uncover the truth. He is far from the only person who is doing this. And your claim, “His job is to keep people so busy talking about shit that nobody’s actually doing anything about shit.” How can people DO anything if they are not even aware of the “shit” that is going on? Alex is attempting to raise awareness of these goings on, or in other words, wake people up. Something has to be done on a mass scale, but that will not happen without this first step of waking the people up. Somebody has to do it. That said, it could be possible that he is working for the elite. It is an important question to consider. However, I fail to see the logic behind the elites having someone enlighten people, only to have to quash the resulting rebellion later. That would just be making things a lot more difficult for them. It makes more sense that they would go about their business in a clandestine manner; the less people that know (especially people who would oppose) what is going on, the more easy it is for them to do it. Murdering Truthers is not very clandestine. Discrediting Truthers as “conspiracy theorists”, which has the connotation of “delusional”, is far more effective and in line with maintaining their false front, or what Truthers call “mind control”. So, in my opinion, it does not seem likely that Alex is working for the elite.
Please! Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:38 pm
RE: ALEX JONES EATS BIG DICK!
How does a comment like that help anything!?!
chainsawman Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:52 pm
IT lets people with big dicks know where they can go to get them eaten, you fool!
jackal210 Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 3:35 am
chainsaw man i had a long response but i just laughed and deleted it because i didnt think you would un-der-stand it anyway, this might be easier to understand, your an idiot, and please get the hell out of the way when this shit kicks off i would not want you to get hurt, i used to believe alex jones was mostly full of crap till i did my own research and gathered my own opinions and info, and i am sorry but as ignorant as you are, you are probably going to end up in one of FEMAs concentration camps, good luck though im sure those foriegn troops wont be that bad to you
yes Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 10:01 am
dude…. lighten up.
Battle Hymn Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:35 pm
Fascinating. Frightening, but fascinating. I’m pretty new here and just learned last week about the Georgia guide stones. Now you point me to the Bohemian Grove owl. I never imagined such grand pagan works were here in the US. This is very enlightening. Any more locations, statues, etc. that I should be aware of? Thanks.
emac Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:04 pm
Washington DC
igor Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:19 pm
WashingtonDC is full of occult symbolism…from the phallic monument to the pentagrams in the street layout… Look up a bird eye view image and you’ll get a kick
ew keane Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:17 pm
georga guidestones
Rebel Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:10 pm
Take a close look at the money………this has a few meanings. Closely look at the symbolism on currency, especially the older bills, from before they began changing the imagery. And look at the money, where it goes, what it is used for, who has it, etc. Good luck.
Maarten from the Netherlands Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:54 pm
Ever looked at the supreme court building in Jerusalem which was build and funded by the Rothschilds? It has a pyramid with an all seeing eye on it! The who building is filled with illuminati symbolism. http://seeker401.files.wordpre...../law21.jpg
Robert M. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:44 pm
Also, the Rockafeller museum is located on the outskirts of Jerusalem!
TheSonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:42 pm
Gal4.25,Rev2.9,3.9,Rom2.28
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:55 pm
yeah…watch out for CDC coffins.
Riddles In Stone: Secret Architecture of Washington DC Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:53 pm
http://video.google.com/videop.....rgKVwMjDBQ
stormdragon Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:41 am
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwxbAO_px1M
BILL Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:24 am
BATTLE HYMN check out the line of death along the 33rd parallel.
Sara Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 9:06 am
Unfortunately, this crap goes on all over the place. A close relative of mine is a survivor of SRA- Satanic Ritual Abuse, which suposedly “doesn’t exist” according to law enforcement, etc. But I’ve seen the scars- upside down crosses burned into skin, weird single roses showing up on doorsteps- other “triggers” like playing organ music over the phone- weird crap. Luckily, there is a Christian movement to help these victims and there are small victories.
Satan’s greatest achievement is getting people to believe he doesn’t exist, and that he doesn’t really “do” anything. But unfortunately, he does.
But his time is short! Praise God, and come back soon, Lord!
LostLiberty Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:35 pm
Goddess of wealth, yes. Also goddess of war and many other things. “No mercy” would describe Athena/Minerva quite well. When you were trying to understand the psychological state of these elite cabal types, did “sociopath” happen to cross your mind?
Good little video on youtube, “Athena, owls, cremation of care and the NWO” posted by InTheEndIWasRight.
voice of reason Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:13 pm
to understand the significance of an owl, you only need to see how, and how well an owl hunts it’s PREY.
Overworld Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 10:43 am
In the dark too.
unsane? Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:21 pm
true true…..
SonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:12 pm
The desert owl and screech owl will possess it; the great owl and the raven will nest there. God will stretch out over Edom the measuring line of chaos and the plumb line of desolation.
CHUCKIEEE Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:11 pm
MARIE
THE OWL REPRESENTS THE BIRD GOD WHICH IS ALSO JESUS CHRIST OR THE DARK CHRIST.
YOUR SLAVE OWNERS HAVE BEEN TRYING VERY HARD NOT TO TELL YOU THAT THE BIRD GOD IS AN EXTRATERRESTRIAL.
THEY TRY VERY HARD TO WORSHIP HIM/HER BUT ONLY FOOL THEMSELVES.
mshort Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:26 pm
NOW fellas that was some great posting. What cant we do if we all help eachother learn. The chance for us to be free and informed people lies in us bringing together Truth and Liberty. Oh what we could really do if we always just stuck together in this way.
Warship Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:13 pm
For more understanding read Carl Sagans “The Dragons of Eden” he goes in depth on the R complex part of the human brain and how it figures into Reptillian thinking.
I hate bill cooper trolls too Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 10:09 am
evolution is garbage!
junk science!
“reptillian agendas” and “shapeshifting lizards” = total nonsense!
H5534 Reply:
May 16th, 2009 at 8:43 pm
You need to study the bible and the “nephilim”.
mickky Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 12:24 am
Have you guys checked out Alex’s latest banner (it’s the black one promoting listening to the show on Flash). He looks positively satanic in that picture.
Lol
May 6th, 2009 at 12:47 pm
Of course we are you mindless fools! You are all the paving stones upon which I walk.
MUUUUUUAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHH!!
Bill Ayers Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:08 pm
Hey David, you remember what I did in the 70’s???? I’m coming to your house next!!! MUUUUUUUAAAAHHHHHHAAHHHAHAHAHHAHAA!!!!
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:57 pm
hey rockefeller…u must be possessed by a big satan.
Judgement Day will be a terrible day for u…i wish i will not be on your side.
mshort Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:28 pm
MYSTERY BABALON WILL FALL. STARTING WITH THE CAPSTONE
May 6th, 2009 at 12:48 pm
I’s illegal and treasonous for government officials to attend these meetings.
balgorg Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:08 pm
I dont think it is illegal, because the government rep’s are meeting in private, not in secret, and they claim no expenses for the trip, Bilderberg either covers the cost, or they cover it themselves.
dC Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:19 pm
Logan Act.
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:58 pm
balgorg…please do me a favor…expenses…what expenses…look at rockefeller for insteans…that man has soooooooooooooooooooo many foundations that it’s not even possible to measure his wealth. Forbes list is a joke.
jackal210 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:15 pm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_Act very illegal
jackal210 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:17 pm
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts.....060201.pdf im sorry this is even better this comes from us.gov link go to us.gov and type in logan act
Someone Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:14 pm
Anyone who attends these meetings should be arrested and executed, by the citizens if necessary.
The Reader Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:35 pm
WHY ISN’T THIS ADDRESSED??????????
jw Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:26 pm
who’s going to prosecute them?
Jeremiah III Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:14 pm
I think the avenue to end it is through their patsies. Remove their government connections, and get some REAL people in there. What gets me is the Feds are breaking laws and tearing up the Constitution, and the People let it happen. I have yelled until I was red in the face, told people they were idiots for not seeing the writing on the wall (I couldn’t help it). I’m not a lawyer…Start with the torture issue, then move to the AIPAC scandals…That’s the kicker. These folks are guilty of TREASON.
jw Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 1:47 am
Again, who’s going to do this? The crimes are now done out in the open and nobody seems to care or are powerless to do anything about it. IMO a bloody confrontation is inevitable. The more we collectively educate the masses, the better we are off…but I see one advantage: Time. “They” are running out of time. Before another bio attack or false flag operation occurs, all of us need to keep plugging away with information. We may not see our work come to fruition yet, but keep planting the seeds of knowledge…and watch all fruits of our labor rise. Unfortunately, it will have to get worse before it gets better.
Jeremiah III Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 6:15 am
Good question. Since the Supreme Court is compromised, I have no idea. If I had the money, I’d hire some lawyers myself. One would think some of these lawyers who have made millions would get together and do it… Maybe we should start “B-Thorn”, a grass roots door to door canvassing mooch group that pools its funds and files lawsuits. Slogan: “A thorn in tyranny’s side!”. Work from the bottom up.
May 6th, 2009 at 12:48 pm
it is amazing what goes on in this world.. I dont know what to believe anymore.. it is so sad that this forum has become a sanctuary for nut jobs , who attack alex!!!!! the “elites” have always run everything and they always will.. The best revenge is “living well” I dont know why alex even tries???
u donkeys who constantly argue on here get nothing done!!! attacking alex is a toal joke!! he has proven himself over and over.. i dont agree with everything he says, but he is about 95% spot on..
Steve watson u need to move to california!!! thank you for all your informative articles, there are plenty of people who deeply appreciate all your hard work..
to all the whack jobs who frequent this site get a life!! do something to better your own situation instead of complaing that alex wont talk about ceratin subjects!! he talks about what he “can prove”.
CHEERS 2 ALL (+_+)
Bob Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:10 pm
Understand that many of these people are PAID by the tyrants in government to create confusion. This is a military operation. It is us vs. them. They are laying smoke, creating diversions.
Others are weak-minded fools who parrot and troll.
Just think of it that way, and carry forward.
kp Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:53 pm
Yes, and they are probably the ones who are getting on here trying to say Alex is in with the elite. Alex is genuine. I was skeptical at first, as everyone should be, but I do believe the stupid asses on here are here to screw with our minds, as if we don’t have our minds loaded up enough. We need to stay strong, f#ck the ignorant asses on here. And here’s an idea, just IGNORE THEM!!!!!!! Don’t respond to their posts. Nothing would piss them off more than to be ignored and it would prove our strength and loyalty as patriots.
Billiam Kooper Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:13 pm
My doctor is Dr James Robertson. He works with the CDC and the WHO. He released all his little bugs to kill all of you’s and I got back a few hours of my life in exchange….an “Hour Of The Time” to be exact!! Not much I’ll grant you. But then you didn’t know me in life…otherwise you’d know what I’m capable of!!!
So I’d like to put it to the listners out there a rather simple question. And again I add at such a relevant time in our history where at times it appears we are but mere insects and pests to be sprayed and terminated with extreme prejudice! With all the evidence, with all the facts, with so many WILLING to talk about and expose and HELP the exposure of such a “Dire and Diabolical” agenda…….Why folks…why does it take 3 months to expose our “Royal Puppet”…and yet from this famous respected upstanding director…will it take over 9 MONTHSSSSS…. before ANYTHING…is forthcoming?? And I’ll …leave YOU….with that to ponderrr….as we take a break here. We’ll be right back so DON’T go away!
fred the fed Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:10 pm
I will not go into listing all the crimes against humanity here, just the fact that you will do nothing as usual to stop the NWO. Blowing hot air through a bull horn is like trying to kill a fuit fly with a bb gun at one mile.The elite know you will do nothing, thats why it is easy for them to call you “useless eaters”, you add nothing to life but your dependents on them to fill your fat guts. They have their fill of money, and now its time to get rid of you, you useless eaters. Just roll over and die like good little boys and girls(just the ugly ones mind you).
mshort Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:39 pm
OH NO your wrong. I was always so confused with life. It really brought life to my soul just to understand. I KNOW NOW WHY IM POOR. Idont even care any moor. I walk this , and talk this every day . So if some thing happens to me it would wake a hundred. How many will they wake up. YHWH set me free through His sons truth, and resurrection. So really I CARE NOT FOR YOUR FEAR. Ill win many PEOPLE ( THIS IS WHAT WE CALL THEM) for truth. TRY AND STOP ME.
Overworld Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 11:56 am
Good advice kp.
jackal210 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:30 pm
Alex does this because of people like you who listen, but really listen to him, i will repeat it again he says go do your own research, look into these things look into laws and things they are changing without our concent
May 6th, 2009 at 12:49 pm
Children take comfort in knowing I am here for you. I will protect you and guide you down the path of love, peace and eternal life. Come together as a one nation and stand against Satan. Don’t worship other gods. I am your creator and father. My judgment will be harsh and quick. I will save those who have confessed their sins and behold Jesus as their savior..
tyger Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:58 pm
Of course your god is better than all the other gods… Worship him and you’ll automatically go to heaven.
mshort Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:45 pm
Why not the elites god brings death and destruction. EVIL. JESUS was a truth rebel who spoke out agenst religion. Healed the sick . Devoted His life to others , and even died for them. Sounds like everything we are trying to do here. Sure you dont want to research the truth. Dig alittle deeper.
jennifer21 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:03 pm
Of course your god is better than all the other gods…
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:02 pm
…sorry but God has NO son cause God the Almighty is not human.
Secondly…wait till Jezus will come from haven just like Adam…and discover the truth if you will still be alive…
Miracles in the Coran.
Beck smacker Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:30 pm
In god we trust………Er just where has your god been while his creation is running amoke? Seems he is always gone when shit hits the fan, and then belly aches when shit doesn’t go his way.Lets count the scapegoats shall we?…….Eve, Lucifer, Jesus,………come on thumper help out here, you, me………the Bible is full of his scapegoats. The captain of a ship is responsible for his command, and is relieved of that command if shit happens. Your God is a mega hatefull egotist who refuses to accept any responsibiblty for errors. He did not have his kid murdered for you, he did it to keep from burning his beloved earth to a cinder( He so loved the world that he murdered his only begotten son)(not, he loved man.) He promised to baptise in fire and not water again, and skirted that promise with his kids murder. He can not allow us to overcome these minions he and Christ gave power to, to bring in Christ’s NWO, he would be proven wrong in accordance with Revalations. He will not be wrong, if he has to murder every one of us.
mshort Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:48 pm
YHWH loved you so much he gave you the free will to choose that path. Does it make you happy. My walk does, and Im fighting the nwo every day at a local level.
TheSonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:13 pm
“Is not my word like fire,” declares the LORD, “and like a hammer that breaks a rock in pieces?-Jer23.29
If anyone tries to harm them, fire comes from their mouths and devours their enemies. This is how anyone who wants to harm them must die.-Rev11.5
No King but Jesus-The First Americans
Overworld Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 12:04 pm
Nice parallel.
jackal210 Reply:
May 8th, 2009 at 11:01 am
the best you can do is try to comfort me in text god, what next are going to pull a rabbit out of your hat, thats the problem you people think that some god is going to intervien and stop all of this that has already been going on for ever, people wake up stand up for your fellow man with the faith and belief into each other stand up as a man or woman, as people, stop living in a mostly fictional novel, WAKE UP
May 6th, 2009 at 12:50 pm
Rolling on the floor laughing my motherfuckin ass off, oh wait a second, let me catch my breath… oh, ok, get out of here with that same old rehashed garbage strawman argument blatant lies man. Disgusting article which mindlessly repeats the official story fairytale and offers nothing in the way of debunking anything. Who do you think the people are who frequent this site, mindless drones like you?, like I said get out of here with your physics suspending B-rated fascist fairytale propaganda nonsense links.
Gus Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:09 pm
Troll! I’m sick of you jack asses stinking this place up. Nobody buys your crap anyway, you’re wasting your time. This audience is the most informed in the world.
Toma Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:26 pm
The link I was responding to disappeared, and rightly so, it was someone linking to an article which supposedly debunked controlled demolition evidence, and I linked to it and it was the same tired strawman arguments about steel weakening at 400 degrees, nevermind the 85-90 floors of intact massive steel columns beneath the impact zone. Indeed we were dealing with a troll.
Phil of the Schnieder Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:26 pm
In your head LUCY…I imagine it’s a strange world! But it IS your creation now isn’t it…this frail piece of puss you call a system??
May 6th, 2009 at 12:52 pm
Well in the short term there is def money to be made in the stock market. Few Weeks ago Ford was selling at 2.22 today its selling at 6.00 and it seems to be going up up up. Ford is the only car company not taking any of obamas bailout.For those people who have money to invest Ford is the way to go. I will be taking my money out of the market soon but untill then I have stoped diversifying and put it all in ford for the sake that it is almost garentee to keep making money.
Theywontchipme Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:58 pm
WHAT DID YOUR MOTHER TELL YOU ABOUT PUTTING ALL YOUR EGGS IN ONE BASKET??
May 6th, 2009 at 12:53 pm
This is HUUUUUGE!! God bless you Alex, Estulin, Infowars staff and all patriots fighting this thing. Keep getting prepared guys, it’s gonna be one helluva ride!
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:04 pm
go and read what your media is hiding you from the battlefield in Afghanistan
http://censored31.skynetblogs.be
FEMA REX84 feat. NOVAVAX & C.D.C.
May 6th, 2009 at 12:57 pm
We know they are meeting and planning evil things, its a given. yawn yawn yawn, Now if you want to do something about it, I’m all ears.
http://www.warnthepeople.org/the-open-forum.html
May 6th, 2009 at 12:58 pm
I know god doesn’t exist however I will be praying for a Magnitude 9 earthquake to occur during the meeting.
Theywontchipme Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:59 pm
PROOF?? OR U JUST ‘KNOW’ NO ONE KNOWS
voice of reason Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:34 pm
agreed. The SMART gambler knows that to believe in God you have nothing to lose if you are wrong, but if you do not believe and you are wrong, you most definitely have something to lose. Wise up.
Back to Sleep Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:27 pm
It saddens me to see so many people awake and aware of many forms of mass control, wile blindy promoting others.
Back to Sleep Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:30 pm
blindly
voice of reason Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:37 pm
and it saddens me to see so many people who like to make something from nothing.
Mark H Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:09 pm
Back to Sleep, if you want to make any statements on religion do your research. I had the same belief but yes its true that christianity etc has been turned into a method of control. The original teachings of the bible and the prophecies are very interesting. Especially the parts where it implies that the anti-christ will arise in the same way the papal states came about, as well as the papal states changing the bibles teachings, the day of worship and removing 1 of the 10 commandments and splitting the 10th one into 2. The prophecies are so accurate its crazy.
Do some studies on the original teachings of Christianity, before making statements like that. Blasphemy has been rife throughout the ages, changing ‘gods word’(original teachings in the bible) has been done constantly. The adventists refer to them following the original teachings of the bible, and many ‘demon worshippers’ (maybe crazy I know) who have turned to the other side…has said Adventists are the only group that can not be deceived by Satan. Sunday is not the day of worship according to the original teachings of the bible, Saturday is. Sunday has more association with Pagan beliefs and Satan, this date was adopted by the pope. Thats blasphemy according to the bible, changing gods laws and times. The pope is also stated as someone on par with God, with the power of excommunication, blessings, Persecution etc. All blasphemy according to the original bible teachings.
Oh by the way, I don’t believe in any religion currently. Just researching christianity atm.
Mark H Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:18 pm
Also, its generally believed that one of Satans major plans against God. Is to deceive and get people to unknowingly sin. Just bare these things in mind and do some research on the bible and religion, before making statements about blind faith or saying god doesn’t exist etc.
Most religions stem from a single place, what varies is the changes and interpretation through time. Whether True Christianity is the true religion is subject to different views, but one of the major ‘interpreted’ reasons the Jews refuse to acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah which was prophesied by daniel in the old testament, is that the Jews would no longer be the people that spread the word of God. But would be replaced by the people who follow what is now called Christianity, with the jews asked to follow Christ.
Some very interesting things, but I haven’t done nearly enough research. But people if you have any interest in religion, look into it in detail. Its really interesting, more so than you can ever imagine. Interpretation can vary so remember that, my statements are not my personal views, just what I seem to be finding out.
If anyone is offended, I am sorry and I maybe inaccurate. Its just this that I seem to be finding out. Again I am not convinced on this at all, and its based on a few weeks of intensive research only.
backi to sleep Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:07 pm
Mark you said it all
“but yes its true that christianity etc has been turned into a method of control. ”
im not really intrested in debating religeon beyond that
Hello Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:55 pm
“Back to Sleep Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:27 pm
It saddens me to see so many people awake and aware of many forms of mass control, wile blindy promoting others.”
I must agree with you. Also, IMO, a SMART person only believes with adequate evidence and facts. No evidence/facts = no reasonable basis for the belief. Religion is not based on evidence or fact. Believing in a religion would therefore cause me a vast amount of cognitive dissonance. I simply cannot fathom how others can believe on the basis of nothing. I would be open to someone explaining, however:)
Back to Sleep Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:02 pm
im not trying to make something from nothing. im just pointing out that your “smart gambler”logic is flawed. there is much to lose by giving your blind faith to an all knowing all powerful “God”
red Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:15 pm
when you’re dead? I don’t think so. Please tell me what I have to lose for choosing to believe? Time? no, I don’t go to church, I’ve read what I need to, I don’t tithe. Tell me what is it I have to lose if I am wrong. NOTHING. If there is no God, there is no eternal life, so when I’m dead, WHAT IS IT I HAVE TO LOSE???
IF God exists, then to believe in him is to receive eternal life, while to deny him is to suffer damnation. If he does not exist, then to either receive or refuse him is to lose NOTHING. Hence, the wise gambler will choose to accept God, since to WIN THE WAGER is to win all, and to lose is to lose nothing. This is based on PROBABILITY.
So… By making a wager in which to participate, the ante is NOTHING, what is it again I have to lose that you’re talking about???
red Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:22 pm
I like how you can easily say I have much to lose without including any example. When you can take nothing with you from this life except MAYBE memories(that being only IF there is some life after death). Any example you do provide would be an ASSUMPTION based on some stereotype you have envisioned of me thinking I’m some kind of “bible thumper”.
backi to sleep Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:11 pm
heres an example for you
“If there is no God, there is no eternal life”
you lose the ability to imagine there may be other posibilities
red Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:47 pm
Hmmm, and what other possibilities can YOU come up with being a non-believer? Lets see what I can come up with:
death as the absolute end?
rebirth?
a period of life after death but not eternal because I’m to uncreative to think of what to do with an endless amount of time?
becoming a god and making my own world on which to live, or be reborn onto after I remove all my memories
eternal life with other people who have eternal life?
eternal life alone…
did I leave anything out, I could come up with a few more if you like but the simple matter is this:
You are ASSUMING what I can and cannot do without knowing what kind of person I am. You have NO PROOF THAT I LOSE ANYTHING. I bet you are assuming I classify my belief into some kind of NAMED religion, which I do not. You probably think like MR KNOW IT ALL THAT MY FAITH IMPLIES I HAVE TO BOW TO A GOD which I do not. Faith is belief. I merely found something worth believing in that no matter how much DOUBT people TRY to plant in my heart about, cannot be changed or phased in any way. I don’t even understand WHY you are arguing and trying to find fault in a STATEMENT that has no holes in it’s integrity. It makes no actual claims, and it states all aspects of the subject. It’s pure reason and you are FIGHTING it. Why is that? How can you attempt to use my own argument against itself, a VERY FEEBLE attempt I might add, again with NO proof. MY proof is that Jesus in the bible acting on behalf of God SAID “If you believe me when I tell you that you have eternal life, it shall be so because you believe it” Is that SOOOO hard to understand?
red Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:54 pm
I’d rather have “blind-faith” than to just be blind.
red Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 7:01 pm
You MAY be right that religion is for controlling masses, but my FAITH does NOT equal RELIGION. It is faith and faith alone. Just because I agree with someone who disagrees with the guy who says he “KNOWS” god doesn’t exist, doesn’t mean I’m promoting religion, and I have NO IDEA WHERE YOU GOT THAT IDEA FROM. Just mindlessly trying to bash it without fully understanding what I wrote down because you are so ANTI FAITH.
red Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 7:25 pm
and the point of pascals wager is NOT to say “there is no eternal life without god”, it is to say that IF there IS a god and you wager on denying the existence of him, you do have something to lose. if there is no god and still eternal life awaits, again, WHAT IS THERE TO LOSE?
TheSonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:43 pm
For Christ’s love compels us, because we are convinced that one died for all, and therefore all died.
But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.
“Wake up, O sleeper, rise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.”
the dead in Christ will rise first
‘In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people.
One man considers one day more sacred than another; another man considers every day alike.
For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?
Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.
It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.
The entire law is summed up in a single command: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”
Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a NATION bringing forth the fruits thereof.
Brothers, let me take an example from everyday life. Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case.
He sent dispatches to all parts of the kingdom, to each province in its own script and to each people in its own language, proclaiming in each people’s tongue that every man should be ruler over his own household.
Do two walk together unless they have agreed to do so?
So it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being” ; the last Adam, a life-giving Spirit.
No greater love than a man lay down his life for His friends
The wolf will live with the lamb, the leopard will lie down with the goat, the calf and the lion and the yearling together; and a little child will lead them.
While they were listening to this, he went on to tell them a parable, because he was near Jerusalem and the people thought that the kingdom of God was going to appear at once. He said: “A man of noble birth went to a distant country to have himself appointed king and then to return. So he called ten of his servants and gave them ten minas.’Put this money to work,’ he said, ‘until I come back.’
Well then, you should have put my money on deposit with the bankers, so that when I returned I would have received it back with interest.
No King but Jesus-The First Americans
Beck smacker Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:45 pm
You all better read the fine print, He will turn to you and say:
“I knew you not”. Don’t think by just saying you believe, will get you anywhere with these two. They have already determined who is going inside the gates and who will be polishing their gold and silver out side eating their scraps. You are just entertainment until his minions complete his NWO. He has been in control of this prison planet since he screwd up with the angelic host and found one third of them were freedom lovers. Well freedom lovers, He hates your freedom loving ass, and his son is goiing to RULE over you for a thousand years with his rod of iron………….enjoy.
red Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:02 pm
Just because I use “an argument for the existence of”
does NOT mean I merely believe because I am a gambler, understand?
Overworld Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 12:10 pm
” Even the Demons believe, and shudder.”
Overworld Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 12:23 pm
You don’t just believe in a parachute, you put it on.
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:05 pm
Ceebus…they own HAARP technologie also.
May 6th, 2009 at 12:59 pm
sorry guys, I’m just tired of knowing all this stuff and nothing changing. We need to shift focus on what we are talking about and giving our energy to. We need solutions not more news confirming that fact!
Bill Ayers Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:09 pm
You’re right….IT IS TIME FOR ACTION!!!! Have you guys read my books??? IT IS TIME!
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:06 pm
Bill Ayers…take exemple of the Moudjahideen of the Taliban…that’s the only way man.
Watch out for FEMA CAMPS REX84 OUT SOON.
May 6th, 2009 at 1:03 pm
I am new to all of this and am learining quickly that Alex is spot on… I am a Christian and a mother and I am informing myself as much as possible and Alex offers unbiased verifiable information that is useful in protecting my family…
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:08 pm
gulfcoastgirl…congratulations…not everybody is searching for unbiased info.
But about religion u need to look and search for unbiased info too. I was also a christian before but type ‘miracles in the Coran’ and u will found out …
Lisa Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:07 pm
Any faith that treats women and children as property and allows violence towards them for their “wrongdoing” is certainly NOT from God.
Any faith that insists that all non-Muslims are “infidels” and can be rightfully killed if they don’t convert is NOT from God!
If you have to threaten and intimidate people to join a faith, then what would God have to do with that faith?
My mom always said that God is a gentleman…He will not FORCE you to love Him…it is YOUR choice!
You sound like a Coran’ mole. Get back to me when you can answer this: How does one know, as a Muslim, whether you have “earned” salvation for certain, unless you kill the infidels and martyr yourself?
Mohammed was absolutely insane!
Jeremiah III Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:20 pm
Some say he was a Papal plant in the mid-East.
TheSonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:57 pm
not to mention someone that says Jesus was a prophet on the one hand and denies His one and Only Son is a deciever-NO ONE comes to the Father but by Jesus Christ
WRONG KIND OF SUN
No King but Jesus-The First Americans
Hello Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:20 pm
I would like to point out a serious flaw in your argument, Lisa. Christianity is historically one of the worst religions (IMO, the worst) in intimidating people to join their faith (i.e. the Crusades and the Inquisition, to name a couple of mass slaughters). Not to mention the unsubstantiated threat that you will “go to hell” if you do not believe. Women have also been brutally oppressed (again, the Inquisition is an example). I’d like to see the day a female is Pope. You say that any faith that exhibits these characteristics is not from God. On the basis of your claim, Christianity cannot be from God.
Just to clarify, I do not advocate any religion and consider myself non-religious. I believe religion to be both beneficial and dangerous at the same time.
May 6th, 2009 at 1:06 pm
Hmmm, discovered by a handed out book… So where is this book?
May 6th, 2009 at 1:11 pm
Don’t be stealing my name punk, I’ve been D-Rock on these boards forever. Imposter.
Bob Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:13 pm
Hi David,
Oh by the way, I can’t wait until they slap the cuffs on you, and We the People confiscate all the ill-gotten gains of your entire criminal family.
Have a nice day!
Theywontchipme Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:00 pm
CUFFS IF HE’S LUCKY
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:11 pm
David Rockefeller is big…man…my brain is too small to evaluate his wealth true all those diffucult constructions overseas, spared with foundations around the world, having shares in companies everywhere.
And i’m not even jalous on him cause on Judgement Day …
Truther Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 6:20 am
“‘Into the streets they will throw their very silver, and an abhorrent thing their own gold will become. Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them in the day of Jehovah’s fury. Their souls they will not satisfy, and their intestines they will not fill, for it has become a stumbling block causing their error”.-Ezek 7:19…. ON THAT DAY NOTHING WILL BE OF VALUE TO THEM ONLY THEIR OWN LIVES AND THAT WILL EVENTUALLY BE CUT short.
May 6th, 2009 at 1:11 pm
I’m done worrying about all this, there is nothing anyone can do or say to stop anything.
May 6th, 2009 at 1:17 pm
In 2006 i remember the BBC discussing the incoming housing crisis, suggesting that there would be a crash at some point, it was just a matter of when, not why. Either the BBC was privy to the Bilderberg meeting, or there was a general consensus among tho’s in the know that the market was reaching an unstable point. If the latter, then the so called ‘berger’ manipulation is a myth. Remember that these guys are wealthy business men, and its their job to discuss the risks to their respective incomes.
Im not sticking up for them, I cant stand them, the elite’st wankers, but I do think that what go’s on at Bilderberg isnt as clear cut as the above artical makes out.
rob Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:22 pm
Here here.
A toast to William Cooper
Lisa Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:11 pm
Yes, BBC would have been there…all major media elites are!!! They are sworn to secrecy, but will leak info just a bit to gauge the public reaction…it’s all mind games….
Do research on: Hegelian Dialectical Process. It will all make sense then!
May 6th, 2009 at 1:17 pm
CAN SOMEONE PLEASE TELL ME HOW OLD THIS GUY REALLY IS???
May 6th, 2009 at 1:20 pm
WHO GIVES A SHIT ABOUT A DEPRESSION WE ARE ALREADY IN AND WAS ANNOUNCED LAST YEAR? THIS IS NEWS? I CARE ABOUT PLANES SPRAYING MY CITY LIKE COCKROACHES EVERY TEN MINUTE………EVERY TEN MINUTES……YOU NEED US TO SEND YOU PROOF? LOOK UP SHIT HEAD , THAT’S HOW WE FIGURED IT OUT! I CARE ABOUT DR ROBERTSON AND THE CDC AND W.H.O. SENDING OUT EVERY PANDEMIC BUG IN THEIR BAG TO PRIME US FOR MASSIVE WAVE OF DEATH COMING! 1975 ALEX! 1975! TAKE ANOTHER 30 YEARS TO COME OUT WITH SOMETHING AND TELL US HOW GREAT YOU ARE……………NYAT!!!!!
May 6th, 2009 at 1:20 pm
You should never give up and let it go – put the worry in God’s hands but it is still up to you to prepare for yourself and your family’s sake…
May 6th, 2009 at 1:21 pm
Want to know something funny? Ron Paul is one of them. Ron Paul follows the economic philosophy of Ludwig von Mises, who was the economic minister in fascist Austria. Von Mises was promoting a pan-European superstate even before Bilderberg.
CRACKAOW Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:32 pm
They said it 2 weeks ago in the TEA PARTY article. The best way to take down an enemy is to INFILTRAITE!!!! Phil Schnieder is dead. William Cooper is dead. Larry McDonald is dead.
So infowarriors come here and follow the script…..waiting on Alex and his invited guests to inform us on what our true concerns should be for the day. I don’t need anyone to tell me what is happening anymore. This pig flu was their BIGGEST fuck up YET! Because ALL THE LIES ARE FALLING….EH LUCY???
The Reader Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:03 pm
Mises was not the first Austrian school economist. Prior to the second wave, which he was part of, the austrians were dealing with Royals who controlled all of Europe’s wealth. It makes more sense to have a market that’s free and united outside the ranks of race,creed, etc. It is also a laissez-faire approach to economics. It was a theorized policy that excluded the influence of the influential. That was the beauty of Austrian school economics. Now you’ve had those same monarchs morph this into their own demented plan of world rule. If you cut the head off the beast, I believe the policy is sane. So is Ron Paul.
Lisa Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:20 pm
Hmmm….I have been reading Mises and Hayek, and it is pure free markets. Some people think that is bad, and ascribe more to economists like Bastiat, Locke, Liszt, etc. The latter seems a bit protectionist to me, but I can see their point given this reality: The global elitists have taken true free markets and HIJACKED the concept to amass their fortunes. That is sad! I am still doing a lot of research and reading, so my brain is still trying to assimilate these differing approaches.
jw Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 2:06 am
There is something very sexy about a women that are in the know.
Lisa Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:37 am
Ha ha! Was that a sarcastic remark?
Marc Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:23 am
Basically the Austrian approach advocates a gold standard, which is an elite tool of control. They want us to have no control over our own money supply. Who owns the gold? A good policy to follow is Lincoln’s greenback policy of the Civil War, in which money was not backed by gold, or by debt, but merely by the government’s sovereign power to issue money. Mises and Hayek are NOT “free markets,” they are ideology of gold-holding elite control.
May 6th, 2009 at 1:24 pm
This site is one of the MOST censoring on the net. Patriot, my rear end!
voice of reason Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:10 pm
yeah I tried to put a link up that had to do with H U M A N – R I G H T S, which explained some very empowering things about law, and even THAT was wiped. It ISN’T Alex though I’m sure, one of the mods is probably a infiltrator I guess.
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:15 pm
yeah but articles get even translated in french and send to other websites and it goes on like that…CDC and FEMA are know words that people in Europe know about. They saw with their own eyes those coffins and those concentration camps…INTERNET is making a big difference but for how long will it take ???
May 6th, 2009 at 1:24 pm
Method and composition for precipitation of atmospheric water
Abstract
A method for precipitating atmospheric water by means of multicomponent aerosols, including iodide based complex multicomponent aerosol compositions. The compositions comprise a solid mass formed by a compacted mixture of silver iodide and the iodides, iodates, and periodates of alkali metals, lead, copper, barium; ammonia, barium chromate, and selected oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate, and fuels such as poly-p-phenylene, phenol formaldehyde resin, epoxide resin, and shellac and mixtures thereof. The compositions, upon burning, produce an aerosol effective to promote atmospheric water precipitation
U.S. Patent Documents
3274035 September 1966 Burkardt et al.
3545677 December 1970 Power et al.
3630950 December 1971 Papee et al.
3677840 July 1972 Shaw et al.
3698968 October 1972 Johnson et al.
3769107 October 1973 Johnson et al.
3877642 April 1975 Vonnegut et al.
3915379 October 1975 Burkhardt et al.
4096005 June 1978 Slusher
Foreign Patent Documents
0193207 Mar., 1967 SU
Other References
<ALIGN=LEFT
Paul J. DeMott, William G. Finnegan and Lewis O. Grant An Application of Chemical Kinetic Theory and Methodology to Characterize the Ice Nucleating Properties of Aerosols Used for Weather Modification, 16 Apr. 1983, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, pp. 1190-1203..
Primary Examiner: Lovering; Richard D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Crandell; Ralph F.
Claims
I claim:
1. A multicomponent aerosol composition for promoting atmospheric water precipitation by seeding moist atmospheric air at a temperature below 0.degree. C. comprising a compacted mixture of 14% by weight silver iodide, 25% by weight sodium iodate, 3% by weight copper iodate, 4% by weight barium chromate, 42% by weight ammonium perchlorate and 14% by weight poly-p-phenylene.
2. A multicomponent aerosol composition for promoting atmospheric water precipitation by seeding moist atmospheric air at a temperature below 0.degree. C. comprising a compacted mixture of 1.5% by weight silver iodide, 20% by weight potassium periodate, 5% by weight barium iodate, 4% by weight copper iodide, 4% by weight lead iodide, 53.5% by weight ammonium perchlorate, and 16% by weight phenolic resin.
3. A multicomponent aerosol composition for promoting atmospheric water precipitation by seeding moist atmospheric air at a temperature below 0.degree. C. comprising a compacted mixture of 8% by weight silver iodide, 23% by weight potassium iodate, 3% by weight lead iodate, 4% by weight copper iodide, 46% by weight ammonium perchlorate, and 15% by weight poly-p-phenylene.
4. A method of atmospheric water precipitation comprising seeding the moist atmosphere at a temperature below 0.degree. C. by an aerosol generated by burning a pyrotechnic mixture comprising a compacted mixture of 14% by weight silver iodide, 25% by weight sodium iodate, 3% by weight copper iodate, 4% by weight barium chromate, 42% by weight ammonium perchlorate and 14% by weight poly-p-phenylene.
5. A method of atmospheric water precipitation comprising seeding the moist atmosphere at a temperature below 0.degree. C. by an aerosol generated by burning a pyrotechnic mixture comprising a compacted mixture of 1.5% by weight silver iodide, 20% by weight potassium periodate, 5% by weight barium iodate, 4% by weight copper iodide, 4% by weight lead iodide, 53.5% by weight ammonium perchlorate, and 16% by weight phenolic resin.
6. A method of atmospheric water precipitation comprising seeding the moist atmosphere at a temperature below 0.degree. C. by an aerosol generated by burning a pyrotechnic mixture comprising a compacted mixture of 8% by weight silver iodide, 23% by weight potassium iodate, 3% by weight lad iodate, 4% by weight copper iodide, 46% by weight ammonium perchlorate, and 15% by weight poly-p-phenylene.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to a process for weather control or modification and aerosol compositions useful therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improved method and compositions for the precipitation of atmospheric water by means of multicomponent aerosols.
2. Prior Art.
In both the patent and scientific literature, a number of weather modification methods have been reported, consisting in the seeding of moist atmosphere by aerosols of different chemical composition, both organic and inorganic. The purpose of the seeding is hail suppression, rain regulation or fog precipitation.
In general, aerosols act as active centers of heterogeneous nucleation of atmospheric water, causing a local drop in water vapor pressure around them, which leads to a continuous growth of water droplets or ice crystals. The number of active centers of nucleation developed by dispersion of a nucleant mass unit is used as a measure of its weather modification effectiveness.
The highest known effectiveness has been achieved by the use of silver iodide as a nucleant. Although silver iodide is a rather expensive chemical, if the total costs of dispersion into atmosphere of different nucleants are compared, the weather modification by silver iodide appears to be the most economical.
For weather modification purposes, silver iodide aerosol is developed by burning liquid solutions or solid pyrotechnical mixtures having silver iodide as a constituent. The mixtures generating pure silver iodide aerosol are generally much less effective than those generating composite aerosols.
Pure silver iodide aerosol is practically ineffective above -5.degree. C. Burkhardt, et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,915,379) have reported that two-component aerosols of the composition AgI-MI, where M is an alkali metal, show markedly more pronounced nucleation ability than that of pure silver iodide. DeMott, et al. (P.J. DeMott, W.G. Finnegan and L.O. Grant, J. Clim. Appl. Met., 22 (1983) 1190) have shown that the effectiveness of an aerosol developed by burning an acetone solution is considerably improved when the solution contains additives which result in an aerosol which is a mixture AgI, AgCl, and NaCl. However, the improvement was realized only at temperatures below -10.degree. C., while at -5.degree. C., the aerosol is practically ineffective.
Solid pyrotechnic mixtures based on silver iodide as reported in patent and other literature, as compared to liquid solutions, generate aerosols of an improved effectiveness in the vicinity of a threshold temperature of -5.degree. C., thus providing a more uniform nucleation ability within the temperature range of interest from the standpoint of weather modification. An additional advantage of solid mixtures is a wider variety of ways of dispersing them into clouds, such as by means of airplanes, rockets, artillery shells and ground-placed generators.
Increasing of the yield of active nuclei per mass unit of silver iodide, the shift of a threshold temperature as near as possible to 0.degree. C., and the adjustment of dispersion methods to meet the requirements of weather modification, is a never ending task in the field of weather modification.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of weather control and modification involving the precipitation of atmospheric water at temperatures below 0.degree. C.
A related object of the present invention is to provide improved compositions for the production of complex multicomponent aerosols finding particular utility for the precipitation of atmospheric water thereby to effect weather control and modification.
SUMMARY OF THE INTENTION
An improved method of precipitating atmospheric water in the temperature zones below 0.degree. C. has been found, comprising the seeding of the atmosphere by a complex aerosol formed by a chemical composition of which can be expressed by the formula AgI.multidot.M’I.multidot.M”.sub.i O.sub.j I.sub.k, where M’ is an alkali metal or NH.sub.4 group; M” is lead, copper or barium, or a mixture thereof; and i, j and k are small arbitrary numerals. This aerosol is produced by burning a solid pyrotechnical mixture of a particular chemical composition. The threshold temperature of aerosol is not lower than -3.degree. C., and the nucleation effectiveness in the temperature range -6.degree. C. to -15.degree. C., being rather uniform, amounts to about 10.sup.14 active nuclei per gram of silver iodide.
The fabrication of this pyrotechnical mixture is rather simple, involving only homogenization and pressing powdered ingredients, with the option of wetting them by an organic solvent before or instead of pressing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The aerosol composition utilized in the method of atmospheric water precipitation embodying the present invention is a solid pyrotechnical mixture containing the following ingredients, or groups of ingredients, in the form of powders or particles having a diameter below 100 .mu.m:
silver iodide
group I additives
group II additives
May 6th, 2009 at 1:26 pm
Shit flies go where they smell lunch!
May 6th, 2009 at 1:27 pm
he won’t take 1 call……because weare waiting for his ass!
CRACKAOW Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:33 pm
You just said it , I didn’t! “I promise……but ya know that means nothing!” Kinda like “Barraaack OOOObaaammmaa wants daycare for kindergardeners…………………BUT IT’S THE RIGHT THING TO DO!”. WHEN IT RAINS IT POURS , EH LUCY???
William Cooper Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:36 pm
Wait tll “The Jones Betrayal” comes out…it will blow your mind!!!
JTCoyote Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:52 pm
Ya, and it will be a big psy-op brought to you by the same folks that brought you “An inconvenient Truth”… Being a Bill Cooper fan from way back, I saw the bash of ego’s was inevitable… to insinuate that that constitutes NWO ties on either of these men is to produce controversy out nothing other than a head butt…
JTCoyoté
“God grants liberty only to those who love it,
and are always ready to guard and defend it.”
~Daniel Webster
May 6th, 2009 at 1:28 pm
the good news is lots of people are waking up.
The space they enjoyed before are closing in like never before.
They’re looking for the crisis they’re creating, next time the crisis would back fire on them and would lead to their own demise.
All these so called elites, kings and queens, would be mobbed and hanged upside down like the fascist in the Italy after the WWII.
William Cooper Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:37 pm
U.S. Patent Documents
1619183 March 1927 Bradner et al.
2045865 June 1936 Morey
2591988 April 1952 Willcox
3531310 September 1970 Goodspeed et al.
R15771 February 1924 Savage
Foreign Patent Documents
1,022,621 Mar., 1966 GB
Primary Examiner: Blix; Trygve M.
Assistant Examiner: Kelmachter; Barry L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sciascia; Richard S. St. Amand; Joseph M.
Claims
What is claim is:
1. Contrail generation apparatus for producing a powder contrail having maximum radiation scattering ability for a given weight material, comprising:
a. an aerodynamic housing;
b. a jet tube means passing through said housing, said tube means having an inlet at a forward end of said housing and an exhaust at a rearward end thereof;
c. a powder storage means in said housing;
d. a deagglomeration means also in said housing;
e. means connecting said powder storage means with said deagglomeration means for feeding radiation scattering powder from said powder storage means to said deagglomeration means;
f. the output of said deagglomeration means dispensing directly into said jet tube means for exhausting deagglomerated powder particles into the atmosphere to form a contrail; and
h. means for controlling the flow of said powder from said storage means to said deagglomeration means.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said jet tube means is a ram air jet tube.
3. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein an upstream deflector baffle is provided at the output of said deagglomeration means into said jet tube means to produce a venturi effect for minimizing back pressure on said powder feeding means.
4. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said deagglomerator means comprises:
a. means for subjecting powder particles from said powder storage means to a hammering action to aerate and precondition the powder; and
b. a jet mill means to further deagglomerate the powder into separate particles.
5. Apparatus as in claim 4 wherein pressurized gas means is provided for operating said deagglomeration means.
6. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said radiation scattering powder particles are titanium dioxide pigment having a median particle size of about 0.3 microns.
7. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said radiation scattering powder particles have a coating of extremely fine hydrophobic colloidal silica thereon to minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
8. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the formulation of said powder consists of 85% by weight of TiO.sub.2 pigment of approximately 0.3 micron media particle size, 10% by weight of colloidal silica of 0.007 micron primary particle size, and 5% by weight of silica gel having an average particle size of 4.5 microns.
9. The method of producing a light radiation scattering contrail, comprising:
a. surface treating light scattering powder particles to minimize interparticle cohesive forces;
b. deagglomerating said powder particles in two stages prior to dispensing into a jet tube by subjecting said powder particles to a hammering action in the first stage to aerate and precondition the powder, and by passing said powder through a jet mill in the second stage to further deagglomerate the powder;
c. dispensing the deagglomerated powder from the jet mill directly into a jet tube for exhausting said powder into the atmosphere, thus forming a contrail.
10. A method as in claim 9 wherein said light scattering powder particles is titanium dioxide pigment.
11. A method as in claim 9 wherein said powder particles are treated with a coating of extremely fine hydrophobic colloidal silica to minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
12. A method as in claim 11 wherein said treated powder particles are further protected with a silica gel powder.
Description
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates to method and apparatus for contrail generation and the like.
An earlier known method in use for contrail generation involves oil smoke trails produced by injecting liquid oil directly into the hot jet exhaust of an aircraft target vehicle. The oil vaporizes and recondenses being the aircraft producing a brilliant white trail. Oil smoke trail production requires a minimum of equipment; and, the material is low in cost and readily available. However, oil smoke requires a heat source to vaporize the liquid oil and not all aircraft target vehicles, notably towed targets, have such a heat source. Also, at altitudes above about 25,000 feet oil smoke visibility degrades rapidly.
Hat Madder Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:38 pm
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
May 6th, 2009 at 1:32 pm
Better check your 401(k) people. According to the Wall Stree Journal, people are finding out that they cannot access the money that is rightfully theirs:
http://online.wsj.com/article/.....85199.html
Will Cooper Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:55 pm
Don’t let him bait you….I speak from experience. The freedom movement has been infiltrated. It is such ashame to see , but I warned you’s of this wolf in sheeps clothing! I DIED BECAUSE I WAS WARNING YOU ABOUT THIS MAN! NOT BECAUSE OF MY 9-11 ASSESSSMENT/PREDICTION! BECAUSE I WAS TOO DANGEROUS SO THEY NEEDED TO BUILD UP AN INSIDER ME TO INFILTRATE” AND BECAUSE I WAS EXPOSING HIM….and would have continued inccesantly if not for my execussion!! I fear for Dr Horowitz!
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:18 pm
they cannot kill him because it’s all over the internet man…if they kill him that means that the people will get the message too…
May 6th, 2009 at 1:38 pm
I’ll put my faith in my AR-15, in god we trust.
Will Cooper Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 1:54 pm
You can’t BE ME Alex…you could NEVER BE ME Alex. Why did you try to be me , why replace me Alex? You’re handlers didn’t have more of an imagination than that Alex? Officer Jack Mc LAMB (Sheeple) , Jason Bermas (Burnt Ass) , Alex Jones (tryin to be like the Jones’s) , Saddam Hussein , Osama Bin Laden , Barak Hussein Obama???? Really Alex???? Did you like my JOB Alex , did you like putting on “The Show” for them Alex??? When will you tell them it’s almost over Alex?? Why won’t you tell them about the chemtrails Alex? Why won’t you tell them about the influenza Dr Robertson has released on mankind Alex???
JTCoyote Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:11 pm
All you can do is attack the messenger, Will… and say nothing in the doing of it… Alex was screaming about chemtrails as far back as 2000, and the flu since the police state movies… Your attempts to divide us using Bill Cooper, is divisiveness just the same… If you had been listening to Alex back then as he was flattering Bill by style and research… instead you engage in idol worship which is your mistake… It is the message that is important, not the messenger.
JTCoyoté
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:20 pm
CHEMTRIALS…FEMA CAMPS REX84…MARTIAL LAW…COFFINS.
The american dream
FEMA feat. NOVAVAX & C.D.C.
May 6th, 2009 at 1:48 pm
sure would be interesting if one of those s u i c i d e b o m b e r s could get to greece..just thinking out loud
Censored31 Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:21 pm
hehe
May 6th, 2009 at 1:49 pm
Don’t worry, slaves. Your savior Lord Obama will keep you safe from freedom and liberty. Go back to bed.
Concerned Terrorist Citizen Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:06 pm
And when your in bed , turn on Alex’s show…and lull yourself to sleep on little white contrail lies!!!!
May 6th, 2009 at 1:52 pm
put your faith in any gun you like, just make sure you have plenty of bullets before Obama quits allowing the sale of them…
O…one
B…Big
A…ass
M…mistake
A… America
Am Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:28 pm
LOL, wouldn’t that be hilarious if a grade school student handed that in as an English assignment???
May 6th, 2009 at 1:55 pm
YOU DID BECAUSE WE ARE EXPOSING YOU!!!!
May 6th, 2009 at 1:58 pm
Now , not exactly ON topic but a little OFF topic…..if you’d permit me…as recent as 4 months ago these “United States” crowned themselves with another globalist “Puppet” ..and many in the “information” genre..felt it necessary to get a full “expose” on the incumnant for those who have awakened but might somehow be “DUPPED” by the “curve ball” saviour the grand visionaries had thrown the masses of the sheeple….after 8 long torturous years of “Bush” bludjuning. Within the space of 3 MONTHS….a “Full Package” is fast tracked while at the same time “SOURCED” the equivilant of a previous release from the same director named “Endgame: Blueprint For Global Enslavement”.
May 6th, 2009 at 2:00 pm
depression is another thing for humanity to fear. the sheeple are so busy worrying about debt , and keeping up with the jonses, and defending themselves against humger and attack each day, 24/7 that we no longer have time to see ourselves past what waht we own.
There are no leaders, only greed and what it makes us do.
Each man is his own leader. Do what is right, be kind to your neighbor, and stop desiring bobbles, and trinkets. Respect mother earth and the environment , and I don;t mean the fake new green agenda the corporations are brainwashing us with via the media.
A new system, based on science/technology~alternate power sources, and spirtuality is on its way, and the illuminati, are doing everything to make sure we are to scared to take part in opening up a huge vortex.
There is currently a battle going on between those elitests who see good in man, and those who do want us to reach the proverbial promised land.
World Gov’t and nations are on the verge of collapse, and not because of the economy, but because a new altrnative cheaply produced heavy water power source has been discovered, and will change how man uses and energy. Oil companies, car makers, computer makers, electrical companies, battery makers and many more will become obsolete. It’ here and not a dream, and it is being kept from mankind.
Google Cold Fusion.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v.....playnext=1
OurManFlint Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:14 pm
You are absolutely correct about alternative free energy sources like Cold Fusion. There’s quite a few other ways to get free energy besides cold fusion, too. This is how we beat them. Send these oil-rich bastards to the poor house!!!
Work is ongoing at http://www.theorionproject.org. Support them like I do if you can and don’t forget to support Alex Jones, too! I just purchased two of his DVD’s. I’m also thinking on joining Prisonplanet.tv. At least that’s better than doing nothing!
Lisa Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:49 am
Women I know are too busy with nail appts., tennis, Junior League, Bunko, Pilates, etc. to stop and really find out what’s going on! So I have a hard time getting myself to educate them, b/c they are so LOST about the true realities of our world!
Lisa Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:59 am
I watched the video…INCREDIBLE! It breaks my heart that potential like this is being blocked by greedy, evil people! How can we have victory in this area?
May 6th, 2009 at 2:05 pm
to: CRACKAOW and who ever else is worried about the chemtrails-
i don’t know why people are just now noticing the chemtrails, they’ve been spraying that shit for years (yes, even before Bush was in there). and i don’t believe that that is how they get the viruses around, other wise it would drift right back to them and infect them too. i believe that its more or less so we don’t see what were not supposed to see up there. if u watch the chemtrails most of the time they will expand and cover the majority of the sky creating what most people would pass off as a cloud at first glance. plus if they were trying to spread some kind of virus or bacteria all they have to do is contaminate the food or water, eliminating the chances of them getting it too. and for all of those who say “oh, its just exhaust from the plains” your a fucking idiot… there have been numerous pilots who have step forward and said that they don’t know what it is they’re just told to release it when they reach a certain altitude. no one outside of their little group knows what it is, for all we know it could be weather control (another popular theory)
now the whole Bilderberg Group thing, just take out the old bastards and then you wont have to worry about them anymore. if your still looking for a peaceful way of solving all of this shit then good luck! the only way this is going to stop is by force and every single one of you know that.
Paul PotGrower Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:31 pm
ASSWIPE”"”"GOOGLE PROJECT BLUEBEAM……………flouride drinking piece of…..
May 6th, 2009 at 2:17 pm
Well all the military and coppigs are enforcing bildabuggerintheass laws so they are really the treasoness pigs. That old fart can’t throw you out of your house but the coppigs do.
Dave Korshish Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:32 pm
Go back to FOX SCHILLING………….OR…………..SET UP AN INTERVIEW WITH LUCY HERE AND “ENLIGHTEN” US ALL!!!
May 6th, 2009 at 2:19 pm
OF COURSE ITS NOT AS CLEAR CUT AS THE ARTICLE MAKES IT. OUT OF ALL THE MEETINGS THE BILDERBERG HAVE HAD WE KNOW ALMOST NOTHING. THERE HAS TO BE SOMETHING A LOT BIGGER THAN JUST THE NWO. SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN IN THE MAKING FOR HUNDREDS MAYBE THOUSANDS OF YEARS. I LIKE WHAT JEFFERSON DAVIS SAID ” REVENGE IS LIVING WELL”. THE SAD PART IS ITS GOING TO GET HARDER AND HARDER
Phil of the Schnieder Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 2:29 pm
I know with CHEMTRAILS spraying EVERY 10 MINUTES LIKE BUGS , AND EVERY VIRUS RELEASED TO PRIME US…………..MY TOP CONCERN WITH # INNOCENT CHILDREN……IS HOW PTA IS DOING TODAY!!!! DOUCHE BAG!!
May 6th, 2009 at 2:21 pm
They’ve sprayed us and released bugs. Do tell Alex….WHO WILL BE LEFT??? TO IMPLIMENT THESE TAXES YOU FEAR MONGER ABOUT??? YOU AND THE UNDERGROUND YELLOW LIST CREW???
May 6th, 2009 at 2:32 pm
PETITION TO BLOCK CONGRESSIONAL
ATTACKS ON FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=87882
May 6th, 2009 at 2:43 pm
Whether I agree or disagree with Alex Jones — fluoride works for me, both for the prevention of tooth decay and thoughts of building weapons of mass destruction — at least he’s fighting back. Nobody else is even talking about anything that matters. Real news is dead. Long live the propaganda!
LOL
May 6th, 2009 at 2:47 pm
### ALEX , You are HILLARIOUS with your listening skill during THIS INTERVIEW! Good on You!
May 6th, 2009 at 2:51 pm
Obama is Thulsa Doom
May 6th, 2009 at 3:05 pm
LETS LEGALLY ARREST THIS ELITIST GROUP/ OR THE ONES AT LEAST FROM AMERICA/SAME WITH CFR /TLC/ WTO/ETC/FOR ECONOMIC TREASON AGAINST THE WORLD
May 6th, 2009 at 3:07 pm
we have to get rid of these criminals once and for all
it’s us or them
they’re psychopaths
and they keep saying all their psychopathic cruelty is for our own good
paedophiles probably say that to their victims too
we must rid the world of these thugs once and for all
Mr.T Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:19 pm
I wasn’t aware that this news was a court on its own! Pah, I’m not gonna be like them; restrictive and manipulative, but they arent gonna win either.
May 6th, 2009 at 3:30 pm
So nobody can report this but Alex Jones and Infowars? Hmmmmm interesting.
Either this is compete bullshit or this entire site is a CIA front. If Bilderburg is so powerful how can this site go around leaking their top secret information with impunity? Bilderburg controls the world huh? Everything but this one site that is just too much for them to reign in? Everytime they come up with some evil shit Alex Jones goes around ruining it for them LOL…..I don’t think so!
Michael Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 3:58 pm
let me quess because your drinking the coolaid were all insane……please turn on the TV other than NBC and join the real world
get out now Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:38 pm
That’s a real good answer! It’s just like every other answer I get from people who can’t admit to themselves that they are blindly following this shit to the bitter end. I don’t watch TV thanks but just in case you were wondering the same shit is all RIGHT HERE. I don’t get you people! You read articles from CNN, NBC, FOX etc all over this site and then say that other people are “drinking coolaid”? LOL
I don’t even know why I come here. Now that is a good question that I get asked from time to time….Why do you come here? I really don’t know. To be honest I find it amusing to watch you all squirm like you do. Some of the stuff here is good info from time to time as well. I guess Goldstein gave Winston some good info (truth) too but that didn’t help him at all now did it? Do you know what I am talking about?
So whatever you want to follow I say go for it. It’s all a Panopticon anyway! Just don’t tell me I am the one drinking Kool Aide if you are a infowars fan boy cause that is HYPOCRITICAL to like the 1000th degree!
PEACE OUT INFOWHORES!!
booboo Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 9:21 am
unfortunately, bilderberg does NOT control the world. there is more than one group and probably more than one interest in each group, making a control grid of different elite groups.
you sir, are forgetting, that you just hear something, then repeat it, then put somebody’s name in it, then call it bullshit, with no backing.
thanks.
if you haven’t realized (i Am NOT a christian, or religious in anyway) but the “bible prophecy” is happening.
it clearly states zionists(of course they didnt call them that back then.), secret societies(read closely., and the vatican, the new babylon(america) and many other thing (in very broken english of course)
but i here (and this IS speculation) and am reasearching that they can trace some of the elite bloodlines back almost to the Egyptians,
and who knows,
maybe they wrote the major faiths of the world…
TO CONTROL, and give people a reason to sit there “letting god do his will” while everyone dies, becomes enslaved, and god is no where to be found.
just some speculation…
May 6th, 2009 at 3:35 pm
then why is your mind incapable of seeing that what I said there has nothing to do with fairy tales, no mention of jesus. JUST THE ODDS.
May 6th, 2009 at 3:43 pm
Why do you keep erasing my comment about this being very interesting considering the Head of the Fed announced yesterday on a certain news program that the economy is going to recover in three to six months??? In order to raise investor confidence no doubt and have it come crashing down AGAIN? Why is that censored??????
May 6th, 2009 at 3:50 pm
well, I’m glad someone saw it before it got wiped that time.
May 6th, 2009 at 3:51 pm
This is what some claim to be at the root of the dichotomy between Hitler and the neo-fascists, which created a rift within what was the the global order. He wanted a revolution and he wanted it right away. The moderate fascists insisted on a slower progression. They allowed him to clean house and then capped him.
May 6th, 2009 at 3:53 pm
Alex Jones had me killed because I was the only person in his way to the top of the truth movement. Shame on him for being such a gloryhog. The CAJI will live on forever!!!
May 6th, 2009 at 3:54 pm
Hey has anyone else been having problems with google today ??? Everytime I tried to use it, whether I typed in ‘Infowars’ or just plain old ‘Yahoo Mail’ I got THIS message :
Google Error
We’re sorry…
… but your query looks similar to automated requests from a computer virus or spyware application. To protect our users, we can’t process your request right now.
We’ll restore your access as quickly as possible, so try again soon. In the meantime, if you suspect that your computer or network has been infected, you might want to run a virus checker or spyware remover to make sure that your systems are free of viruses and other spurious software.
If you’re continually receiving this error, you may be able to resolve the problem by deleting your Google cookie and revisiting Google. For browser-specific instructions, please consult your browser’s online support center.
If your entire network is affected, more information is available in the Google Web Search Help Center.
We apologize for the inconvenience, and hope we’ll see you again on Google.
To continue searching, please type the characters you see below:
uway Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:04 pm
Army of Heaven777,
Use ixquick.
May 6th, 2009 at 3:54 pm
we need to quite chating and start doing ,,tick tock tick tock
May 6th, 2009 at 3:55 pm
ONLY we the people can change things
May 6th, 2009 at 4:13 pm
Shit people, this World is fucked. Police state, Government as corupt as they come, mass flu jabs to fuck the people up worse, flouride in the water, Drugs to be placed in the water, children being injected with 3 shots before they start school, teachers filling childrens heads full of crop. Wars being started for Oil/Money, and in most cases for their sick fetish of murder and blood. Freedoms being taken away on a daily bases, a President in the States that has come out and supported war criminals! A government that killed 3000 plus of their own people. No freedom to express your opinion. Your money being taken left right and centre by the banks, car companies and everyone else who can get it. Your property no longer your own, your religious beliefs being killed because you are no longer free to pratice. A small group of people running every aspect of daily life, a so-called free western society more controlled than China.
The Sun causing Global Warming and you are no longer allowed to say this under the threat of Jail, all so they can take more of your money. Your Guns being taken from under your feet and you will be able to do nothing about it. A World that has been dragged down that badly, with the use of both drugs and mind control they are no longer able to think for themselves, for if they did this would not be happening.
Petty criminals are no longer your enemey, but the people who are supposed to protect you. Those said people taking your money from your packet and your vehicle from under you for their own use. A United Nations hell bent on killing 90% of the world and nothing is done or said.
I fear for people, I fear for this World – I fear for the future. However, I stand strong! I stand strong to protect my family, my friends and my world. Are you ready to do the same? Don’t give up the fight. Your mind is your own and let no bastard take that from you! For when they have got that, you are done! Stay strong and free!
May 6th, 2009 at 4:21 pm
the good news is lots of people are waking up.
The space they enjoyed before are closing in like never before.
They’re looking for the crisis they’re creating, next time the crisis would back fire on them and would lead to their own demise.
All these so called elites, kings and queens, would be mobbed and hanged upside down like the fascist in the Italy after the WWII.
Reply
There are still far too many people who don’t have a clue, and even worse, ready to ridicule all those who are warning us of the dangers.
If they don’t find a way to kill us first, we may have a chance to get them and put an end to there evil empire. Remember, criminals, and especially criminals with a lot of power, will do everything and anything, not to ever get caught.
justme Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 4:33 pm
acl – as the saying goes, you laugh at me because I am different, I laugh at yous because you are all the same.
Let the sleeping sleep, they deserve what the get. What makes me laugh is the fact that before Obama was put up for Election, none of them had heard of him, but now they cheer for him like he is god. Now that is to be laughed at and given as much ridicule as possible.
At the end of the day, I will fight the bastards with every Ioda of my being. I am strong and ready- and will not lie down for these evil bastards. Victory will indeed belong to the people!
Beck smacker Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 5:55 pm
Yeah, “the meek shall inherit the earth”, not the strong. (90% of you will be with me in the burning lake of fire brought to you by the most loveing God (who hates your freedom loving).
get out now Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:41 pm
The meek will not inherit the earth. That is the dumbest shit anyone has ever said. Only the strong survive…now that makes sense. Humans think they are above the laws of natural selection but they are not. NATURE APPLIES TO YOU TOO!
justme Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 4:10 am
for fuck sake beck, get a life. If God is so loving why the fuck would he be killing folk off? Grow up and stop beating the bible.
Lisa Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 3:33 pm
What is wrong with you? Where is your empirical evidence? God loves freedom….after all, he gives you free choice….you sound bitter and like someone who was hurt by people(s) who do not represent the true nature of God!
Am Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:39 pm
Why is it that people demand empirical evidence about whether god loves freedom, but not about the existence of god in the first place???? In any case, I don’t think god or whatever characteristics he possesses can possibly be validated with empirical evidence; it just does not exist, or at least the knowledge we currently possess does not allow us to come to such conclusions.
May 6th, 2009 at 4:27 pm
Bilderberg we own them. we watch with tech.
May 6th, 2009 at 4:28 pm
OF COURSE…HOW ELSE DO U THINK THEY WOULD USHER IN THE MARK OF THE BEAST AKA RFID CHIP AKA 666, ECONOMIC DEPRESSION ON A GLOBAL SCALE SO THEREFORE IT BECOMES A NECCESSITY FOR HUMANITY TO GET ONE, PEOPLE WILL ACCEPT IN THE MILLIONS
May 6th, 2009 at 4:31 pm
Since my potential is endless, and with my potential I CAN IMAGINE SOMETHING GREATER THAN MYSELF, I guess that is argument enough for the existence of a God.
May 6th, 2009 at 4:38 pm
the elite have us by the sack now. look around at your neighbors running around constantly distracted and stress. once they slowly start to wake the distraction level is turned up. or just order some more fries, bloat on your couch. the spray gets the smell out.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyMAV6If_eo
May 6th, 2009 at 4:45 pm
Hello Campers,
If you are worried about these folks running the world why not joing up with the
Terlingua Liberation Front to help fight them on any level needed?
Ring in Texas
May 6th, 2009 at 4:47 pm
Come on now, these “people” are a lot of things, but “human?”
May 6th, 2009 at 5:03 pm
Soooo basically its time to put our heads between our knee’s and kiss our ass goodbye… If I’m starving to death I’m gonna make sure I have a gun and a few bullets and I’m gonna go out with a bang and maybe take a few bilderbergers with me… but thats only if thing get REALLY bad…
May 6th, 2009 at 5:06 pm
Great article.
May 6th, 2009 at 5:10 pm
It’s all the same machine, right? The Pentagon, multinational corporations, the police. If you do one little job, you build a widget in Saskatoon, and the next thing you know, it’s two miles under the desert, the essential component of a death machine.
May 6th, 2009 at 5:16 pm
This comes as no surprise if you look at the current unemployment numbers. The job losses for April will come out on May 8th, 2009 and the estimates are pretty grim…another 600,000+ losses. In time, all these people that have lost their jobs will lose their unemployment benefits leading us into a severe economic depression if no new jobs are created. How do you measure the economy? By the Dow Jones Industrial Average or by how many more jobs we lose every month? BUY AMERICAN! CAMPAIGN FOR LIBERTY! We can’t stop what’s coming, but we can contain it!
May 6th, 2009 at 5:26 pm
Excellent article by paul watson,
Daniel Estulin is great guy for exposing the elite’s agenda.
I wish I could maybe perhaps plant explosives in the hotel they’re meeting.
Boom…Booom….Booooooomm go the elite.
May 6th, 2009 at 5:54 pm
Yo…why can’t we just shoot these ppl? I mean srsly. How hard is it?
Married to 1/3 Native American Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 7:00 pm
Better yet, why don’t the majority in here pray and fast. Just maybe a miracle might happen -natural disaster, or social chaos-. Lets send these conspirators crying to there dooms.
May 6th, 2009 at 5:55 pm
Why is Alex Jones sounding more like Pastor Hagee with each passing day?
May 6th, 2009 at 6:10 pm
yes let’s lower ourselves to their level.
You are a moron who bashes people who stand for what they believe in and then expect them to turn around and listen to you while you stand up for what you believe in? Moronic, belligerent hypocrisy. WHEN WILL YOU EVER BE TRUE TO YOUR NAME?
May 6th, 2009 at 6:14 pm
ROCKEFELLER, KISSINGER, BRZEZINSKI, VOLCKER AND GREENSPAN
justme Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 4:11 am
amen
May 6th, 2009 at 6:19 pm
hahhahhaha, these meetings have more secuirity then the president of the united states, they have been know to shut entire hotels down, even areas of cities
May 6th, 2009 at 6:42 pm
yes, the Vatican, Washington D.C., and London has those towers..
(probably the three epicenters of main control for the world.)
TheSonsofLiberty1. Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:43 pm
Then I saw three evil spirits that looked like frogs; they came out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast and out of the mouth of the false prophet.
jgalvan Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 11:09 pm
China might have something to say about that!
May 6th, 2009 at 6:49 pm
“Naturally the common people don’t want war. But after all, it is the
leaders of a country who determine the policy, and it’s always a
simple matter to drag people along whether it is a democracy or a
fascist dictatorship, or a parliament, or a communist dictatorship.
Voice or no voice, the people can always be brought to the bidding of
the leaders. This is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are
being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and
for exposing the country to danger. It works the same in every
country.”
— Hermann Goering,
Lisa Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 8:24 pm
Who is Goering and when was this said?
May 6th, 2009 at 6:53 pm
If it weren’t for people like Alex Jones (”END GAME” DVD documentary-2007), Texe Marrs, Jim Marrs, David Icke, and others who expose secret societies like the Bilderberg Group and their plans, people of the world would be totally in the dark about what goes on in the world.
May 6th, 2009 at 6:57 pm
were fucked !
whishIwasfree Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 6:59 pm
Informing people is the only way to battle the NWO……………..and if that doesn’t work, get ready to fight.
May 6th, 2009 at 6:59 pm
Today Jim Tucker told Alex that the next Bilderberg meeting will be in Athens, Greece, May 14-17(?) Interesting in that they have been working on rebuilding Athena’s temple in Athens for the last decade or more. It’s called the Parthenon and the replica of it is in Nashville, TN. Go to Google “images”, and type in Parthenon and see them both.
May 6th, 2009 at 7:16 pm
what do you do when you see a bilderburger flopping on the ground??
Stop laughing and reload.
May 6th, 2009 at 7:45 pm
Be nice if a bomb then times the power of the Oklahoma Fed boom could be placed in the building where these globalist roaches are meeting, and detonated. Now, that would be news worth reading and would serve a great service to the world. Of course Jim Tucker would have to be notified.
Please! Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:09 pm
Amen! Down like building #7! The incredible thing IS: WE CAN STOP THEM if enough souls want it, in this “quantum” planet! Never wanted to kill anyone but these freaks have to be annihilated!!
May 6th, 2009 at 8:03 pm
just nuke Vouliagmeni, Greece on the 15th of may
Mabey we can have a little help from Iran.
May 6th, 2009 at 8:08 pm
“Some say they expect ILLUMINATI to take my body to sleep
N*ggas at the party with they shotties
Just as rowdy as me
Before I flee computer chips” – 2pac –
The hope of the world is still in dedicated minorities…It will take such a small committed minority to work unrelentingly to win the uncommitted majority. Such a group may well transform America’s greatest dilemma into her most glorious opportunity.
- Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
A system of capitalism presumes sound money, not fiat money manipulated by a central bank. Capitalism cherishes voluntary contracts and interest rates that are determined by savings, not credit creation by a central bank.
- U.S. Congressman Ron Paul
May 6th, 2009 at 8:10 pm
eww rockefeller looks liek some old evil decrepit troll creature who crawled up from under a bridge. lil demon spawn-satans helper
somebody needs to plant c4 all over inside the building before and kill all these evil corportate satanists before they do more damage to the human race. most of them arent even human- i know hillary clinton is reptilian-no human being can be as ugly and evil as her. her scumbag lier husband is the same and just as bad
“the evil that men do, lives on and on” -Iron Maiden
http://www.davidicke.com
May 6th, 2009 at 8:18 pm
PETITION TO BLOCK CONGRESSIONAL ATTACKS ON FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS
wnd.com/index.php?pageId=87882
============
Material about Economy fraud and what to do. SPREAD THIS INFORMATION WIDE AS POSIBLE.
Collapse driven by fraud:
rawstory.com/news/2008/Economist_US_collapse_driven_by_fraud_0404.html
Wall Street criminals exposed By Marcy K.:
kaptur.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=289&Itemid=1
marcykaptur.com
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S27yitK32ds
#####BEAT THEM#####
campaignforliberty.com/campaigns/auditthefed.php
ronpaul.com/on-the-issues/audit-the-federal-reserve-hr-1207
alternet.org/workplace/133275/powerful_banks_and_government_handouts_to_the_rich%3A_it%27s_time_for_protest
thepetitionsite.com/1/down-with-federal-reserve
petitiononline.com/fedres/petition.html
More information and petitions here:
anewwayforward.org/demonstrations
May 6th, 2009 at 8:41 pm
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
May 6th, 2009 at 8:42 pm
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod a
May 6th, 2009 at 8:42 pm
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
May 6th, 2009 at 8:44 pm
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube for dispensing as separate single particles to produce a contrail having maximum visibility for a given weight material.
Other object, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional side-view of a powder contrail generator of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The powder contail generator in pod 10, shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a powder feed hopper 12 positioned in the center section of the pod and which feeds a powder 13 to a deagglomerator 14 by means of screw conveyors 16 across the bottom of the hopper. The deagglomerator 14 produces two stages of action. In the first stage of deagglomeration, a shaft 18 having projecting radial rods 19 in compartment 20 is rotated by an air motor 21, or other suitable drive means. The shaft 18 is rotated at about 10,000 rpm, for example. As powder 13 descends through the first stage compartment 20 of the deagglomeration chamber, the hammering action of rotating rods 19 serves to aerate and precondition the powder before the second stage of deagglomeration takes place in the jet mill section 22. In the jet mill 22, a plurality of radial jets 24 (e.g., six 0.050 inch diamter radial jets) direct nitrogen gas (at e.g., 120 psig) inward to provide energy for further deagglomeration of the powder. The N.sub.2, or other suitable gas, is provided from storage tanks 25 and 26, for example, in the pod.
The jet mill 22 operates in a similar manner to commercial fluid energy mills except that there is no provision for recirculation of oversize particles. Tests with the deagglomerator show that at a feed rate of approximately 11/2 lb/min, treated titanium dioxide powder pigment is effectively dispersed as single particles with very few agglomerates evident.
The nitrogen gas stored in cylinder tanks 25 and 26 is charged to 1800 psig, for example. Two stages of pressure reduction, for example, by pressure reduction valves 28 and 29, bring the final delivery pressure at the radial jets 24 and to the air motor 21 to approximately 120 psig. A solenoid valve 30 on the 120 psig line is connected in parallel with the electric motor 32 which operates the powder feeder screws 16 for simultaneous starting and running of the powder feed, the air motor and the jet mill deagglomerator.
Air enters ram air tube 34 at its entrance 35 and the exhaust from the jet mill deagglomerator passes directly into the ram air tube. At the deagglomerator exhaust 36 into ram air tube 34, an upstream deflector baffle 38 produces a venturi effect which minimizes back pressure on the powder feed system. The powder is then jetted from the exhaust end 40 of the ram air tube to produce a contrail. A pressure equalization tube, not shown, can be used to connect the top of the closed hopper 12 to the deagglomeration chamber 14. A butterfly valve could be provided at the powder hopper outlet 39 to completely isolate and seal off the powder supply when not in use. Powder 13 could then be stored in hopper 12 for several weeks, without danger of picking up excessive moisture, and still be adequately dispensed.
Preparation of the light scatter powder 13 is of a critical importance to production of a powder “contrail” having maximum visibility for a given weight of material. It is essential that the pigment powder particles be dispensed as separate single particles rather than as agglomerates of two or more particles. The powder treatment produces the most easily dispersed powder through the use of surface treatments which minimize interparticle cohesive forces.
Titanium dioxide pigment was selected as the primary light scattering material because of its highly efficient light scattering ability and commercially available pigment grades. Titanium dioxide pigment (e.g., DuPont R–931) with a median particle size of about 0.3.mu. has a high bulk density and is not readily aerosolizable as a submicron cloud without the consumption of a large amount of deagglomeration energy. In order to reduce the energy requirement for deagglomeration, the TiO.sub.2 powder is specially treated with a hydrophobic colloidal silica which coats and separates the individual TiO.sub.2 pigment particles. The extremely fine particulate nature (0.007.mu. primary particle size) of Cobot S–101 Silanox grade, for example, of colloidal silica minimizes the amount needed to coat and separate the TiO.sub.2 particles, and the hydrophobic surface minimizes the affinity of the powder for absorbtion of moisture from the atmosphere. Adsorbed moisture in powders causes liquid bridges at interparticle contacts and it then becomes necessary to overcome the adsorbed-liquid surface tension forces as well as the weaker Van der Waals’ forces before the particles can be separated.
The Silanox treated titanium dioxide pigment is further protected from the deleterious effects of adsorbed moisture by incorporation of silica gel. The silica gel preferentially adsorbs water vapor that the powder may be exposed to after drying and before use. The silica gel used is a powder product, such as Syloid 65 from the W. R Grace and Co., Davison Chemical Division, and has an average particle size about 4.5.mu. and a large capacity for moisture at low humidities.
A typical powder composition used is shown in Table 1. This formulation was blended intimately with a Patterson-Kelley Co. twin shell dry LB-model LB–2161 with intensifier. Batches of 1500 g were blended for 15 min. each and packaged in 5-lb cans. The bulk density of the blended powder is 0.22 g/cc. Since deagglomeration is facilitated by having the powder bone dry, the powder should be predried before sealing the cans. In view of long periods (e.g., about 4 months) between powder preparation and use it is found preferable to spread the powder in a thin layer in an open container and place in a 400.degree.F over two days before planned usage. The powder is removed and placed in the hopper about 2 hours before use.
Table 1 ______________________________________ CONTRAIL POWDER FORMULATION Ingredient % by Weight ______________________________________ TiO.sub.2 (e.g., DuPont R-931) 85 median particle size 0.3.mu. Colloidal Silica (e.g., Cabot S-101 Silanox) 10 primary particle size 0.007.mu. Silica gel (e.g., Syloid 65) 5 average particle size 4.5.mu. ______________________________________
Other type powder compositions can also be used with the apparatus described herein. For example, various powder particles which reflect electromagnetic radiation can be dispensed as a chaff or the like from the contrail generator.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
SUMMARY
The present invention is for a powder generator requiring no heat source to emit a “contrail” with sufficient visibility to aid in visual acquisition of an aircraft target vehicle and the like. The term “contrail” was adopted for convenience in identifying the visible powder trail of this invention. Aircraft target vehicles are used to simulate aerial threats for missile tests and often fly at altitudes between 5,000 and 20,000 feet at speeds of 300 and 400 knots or more. The present invention is also suitable for use in other aircraft vehicles to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose.
The powder contail generator is normally carried on an aircraft in a pod containing a ram air tube and powder feed hopper. Powder particles, surface treated to minimize interparticle cohesive forces are fed from the hopper to a deagglomerator and then to the ram air tube
Idiocracy Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:32 pm
I can’t believe my posts get continually removed but this is allowed.
May 6th, 2009 at 8:45 pm
stop posting stupid stuff stupid!
May 6th, 2009 at 8:52 pm
God love Alex, David, Aaron and hundreds of other souls, opening the eyes of the masses! ANY ONE posting hateful, antagonistic notes on this site; has to be white-lighted, ignored and/or still “loved” inspite of their idiotic, uninformed, opinion(s).
I hope Mr. Alex does take a vacation soon! I will miss listening to him every day, but he does need a break! Blessings to him, his family, the whole radio crew and all the souls who KNOW he speaks truth!!!
Those with ears to hear; http://www.kryon.com
May 6th, 2009 at 8:59 pm
David Rockefeller responds:
http://artedetomas.blogspot.com/
May 6th, 2009 at 9:01 pm
What’s so wrong with gettin’ along?
Can YOU create a better world? If so, then DEFINE IT.
May 6th, 2009 at 9:08 pm
I wonder sometimes if the Bilderberger’s believe in Keynsianism and think they are actually helping the economy. Do they promote an economic model they know to be untrue? Perhaps the powers that be manipulate the foundation of our society by throwing money and influence behind paradigms that suit them.
http://www.TheAustriansWereRight.com
Lisa Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:43 am
They are not dumb…they KNOW Keynesianism is wrong…and they also know that it is a tool to gain totalitarian control, EVENTUALLY. Keynes was a communist in disguise! The elitists are actually employing two opposing ideologies for their benefit: They have hijacked true capitalism to amass wealth while simultaneously using statism to amass control and power. This is a part of the HEGELIAN DIALECTICAL PROCESS…research this…it’s fascinating and will challlenge your brain!
May 6th, 2009 at 9:18 pm
Your neighbours, your fellow co-workers, your family members are either non-compliant or compliant with the NWO. They have ‘authority’ to spy on you. My presumption is the economic depression will be extended because even the NWO cronies do not even know what is going to happen on 12/21/2012 and their best case scenario strategy is to keep all of us slaves in bondage right to that day. They have complete control of any gov’t, business/corporation, and agencies and due to the uncertainty of 12/21/2012 they must keep the slaves in CONTROL MODE and they have the technology to do it. Their GREAT FEAR, of course, is the possibility of losing control on the BIG DAY 12/21/2012 and they must keep us in suppression until the BIG DAY. If a completely earth shattering event occurs on that day then they must have a RECONTROL PLAN in place created well in advance of the BIG DAY. Bilderbonehead meeting is to make sure all CONTROL/RECONTROL PLANS are being implemented and followed. Those snakes can plan all they want but they are not going to get what they want or have. The BIG DAY has been preprogrammed by the BIG GUY IN THE HEAVENS and they cannot stop HIS SOVEREIGN WILL no matter what kind of MASS CONTROL TECHNOLOGY they have.
May 6th, 2009 at 9:18 pm
anyone reading this information who possesses experience in munitions, weapons and logistics now know when and where the 150 are going to meet in greece, well here is your chance. these are genocidal murderers and traitors.
FOR-REAL Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 9:46 pm
I white light and support your efforts! God Speed!
May 6th, 2009 at 9:37 pm
How too Hunt Wolves.
Get Friends. Have them bring best Coyote/Fox hunting Dogs.(Someone to flush out the Wolves, (make them run scared to expose themselves outside their norm)
Wait on edge of fields where Wolves are known to run.
SHOOT Wolves as they pass acrossed field of fire not knowing Hunter lies in wait.
END OF PROBLEM
May 6th, 2009 at 9:38 pm
SPAGACK!! i tell ya, the shat is rolling down the pipe fast!!
May 6th, 2009 at 9:59 pm
Go off grid…grow your food. Barter, don’t use their money or credit. Take your money out of their banks.
BobbieJo Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 11:16 pm
I agree. That is what we have been doing for a long time. It really works and don’t forget to grow an extra acre of veggies if you have it just for donating food to the needy in your area.
May 6th, 2009 at 10:10 pm
just some advice for the nwo. your going about it all wrong. stop going with a program thats hundreds of years old. if you really want your new world order you DO NOT take the world into a depression. you keep the sheep fat and happy and spending. you keep the economy up and going and at the same time you slip in your agenda unnoticed. this whole taking the economy down into a depression to get it through is all wrong. people are waking up to it too fast and not going along with it and are looking at YOU and finding out the truth. but hehe you wont listen. bring it into the depths of depression and watch your plan fail miserably. i know your getting your marching orders from that idiot satan the devil. But good luck failing.
May 6th, 2009 at 10:20 pm
Time to take these motherfuckers out one……..by……….one
May 6th, 2009 at 10:29 pm
Why now? Why here?
Cash4Gold Reply:
May 6th, 2009 at 10:36 pm
Your better off saying nothing ever happend here. Think for yourself’s is all I’m saying and question everyone else’s intentions. Keep em close you fools.
May 6th, 2009 at 10:39 pm
Wow 250 comments my ass infowars.
May 6th, 2009 at 10:39 pm
both of there options for us blow!! its a lose lose..goood writing paul!
May 6th, 2009 at 10:40 pm
Wow 250 comments my ass infowars. Your weak and your wrong, just wrong!
May 6th, 2009 at 10:48 pm
these people are good at what they do.
May 6th, 2009 at 10:50 pm
amazingdiscoveries.tv
May 6th, 2009 at 10:50 pm
It’s very interesting how there arn’t any “big” events that would single to people that it’s all coming apart. No further “terrorist” attacks, etc.
Like, it’s all these little things. Makes the whole issue so much more “under the rader.”
IF one really thinks about it… how much more can they take until they have it all?
THE TIME TO ACT WAS YESTERDAY!
May 6th, 2009 at 11:04 pm
THE very best one can do is search as to how we might repent for all our past mistakes by being more patient & respecful towards the everyday people in one’s life.
I know it is hard at first to change, often, but when one smells the fresh-air of redemption, one becomes a junkie for doing good-will-acts for our brothers and sisters all around us. NOW I do-not mean to stick yer head in any noose or vice;BUT offer a word or a deed or make compassionate comment for justice while waiting at the bank or food bank. Give something,anything;you will be appreciated, and it will be paid-forward! OHH many, even some 30% will call you a crack-pot, but many will grow to be alikened to you, in HIS service. Jesus’.
A simple act of charity or say, gathering a herb for a neighbor’s well-being. Offer the half. Your brothers and sisters will return the love, as bread upon the waters…Dignity respect and honor, these are of the sons of liberty. The children of the devil, in this world, from all walks of life, will not see this as wisdom. They cannot.
But this can and will be to one’s salvation.
May 6th, 2009 at 11:13 pm
A-n-a-r-c-h-y is being set to be played out. This will run a course of one to two years. Our troops will be busy everywhere else but here. Americans will be disarmed over the next 6 to 9 months.
Foreign troops will be sent in to keep some control. They will kill you without questioning their patriotism because they have none. Our own troops would never go against his fellow American.
The public will beg for Governmental control, this will set the stage for O-l-i-g-a-r-c-h-y.
HR45 will just be the ground work for something even bigger. This will not take a year or so, it will happen by at the end of this year. Time is running out because the money has run out.
RenaissanceMind Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 1:08 am
I dunno man. check out the mainstream new (sometimes there is truth hiding within the BS) and it really seems that the gun thing got way too hot for them to handle right now so I think we may have longer than you are thinking…& my instincts are very sharp.
REMEMBER…FEAR IS THEIR WEAPON NOW.
I hate to be the one to have to say it but Alex gets too worked up to remind everyone listening that FEAR is their WEAPON too! Their main weapon. They are studying how to control us by pushing psycho-illogical panic buttons. Guess what the first step to stopping THAT is? Don’t panic.
Y2K primed the fear valves. If they (Bilderbergerilionites) were behind that, it was a test. 9/11 was intended to send us into a downward spiral of confusion and fear. Many of us spent so much of our lives glued to the tube that we might as well have been standing at the base of the towers (it is not my intention to form a disconnect but rather expose the underlying “overconnect” that is ruling many of us even now). They tested us again by saying it was terrorists with….box-cutters?!!! If that isn’t the biggest slap to the masculinity of a nation I don’t know what is. I mean no disrespect to anyone that (may or may not…you see?)died aboard those planes that day but that is WEAK. Pull a knife on me and you’ve got 1 strike, got it? You pull a knife & threaten the lives of group of Americans, you’re supposed to get served a gut full of instant Justice. Not that were all Spartans or anything but GRIT is supposed to be our forte’. We’ve lost something crucial in our character and THEY know that. That’s why the time was right for them to strike and we keep flinching even till this day.
The answer. Do it the J.C. way. I was listening to the Bobby McFerrin song for the first time in years today and I almost choked up as it struck me; “When was the last time I felt like that song made me used to feel?” About 9 years ago. I had a little epiphany. That song had the meaning of Love. Love can overcome fear and that is what Alex MUST bring back to the forefront as a WEAPON AGAINST EVIL.
He did a great job waking many people up and helping them to become truly AWARE but without now arming and armoring you with the WISDOM of love, you will all fall back into the fear mode. I am not preaching any particular brand of religion here…I’m an American. I do want you to realize that the amount of responses to the articles on this website alone should give you the basic FAITH in mankind & America that you are amongst brothers.
BUT WE MUST DEFINE AND UPHOLD THIS WITH THE KEY. L-O-V-E, people!
Know this. I am no PUSSY at least not anymore. In fact that is EXACTLY what happened to us on 9/11. We were (as a society) big pussies that got punched in the throat, got scared, ran to Mommy (who was really a wolf in he dress) and never came back outside to PLAY. WTF America? Is that what we’ve become?
Yes EVIL is RAMPANT. But FEAR only FEEDS it (they are COUNTING on our IRRATIONALITY)… Don’t worry about things beyond your control (yet be truthful with yourself about how far your influence really reaches) and Stay AWARE. BUILD TRUSTING RELATIONSHIPS. Know that there are many amongst us who are ready to SACRIFICE should there ever be a day of reckoning.
But until that day, we should LOVE & LIVE HAPPILY and should the time come to HATE, we will concentrate it toward the enemy with SUCH propensity that THEY will KNOW that is a POWER & RESOLVE THAT COULD ONLY BE BORN FIRST OF LOVE. It how our souls work.
Understand Bro? Don’t worry, even if it’s tomorrow, you aren’t going to be the only one in SHRED mode.
May 6th, 2009 at 11:14 pm
Oh wow. This is a huge story. God bless Alex and everyone exposing these criminals.
May 6th, 2009 at 11:24 pm
I am just exited I learned copy and past today!
durp Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 3:58 am
well learn to copy and paste LINKS next ass.
who’s going to read something like that, seriously?
May 6th, 2009 at 11:41 pm
Well. at least the ULTIMATE tal mud ic commandment has been fulfilled.
YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED !
Too bad theres nothen we can do about it,
cept maybe find a cave, squat down, and, grab a root, and, growl
May 6th, 2009 at 11:43 pm
Bilderberg is still not the top of the pyramid. More puppets.
May 6th, 2009 at 11:45 pm
Rockafucker looks like he needs to allow his grooms to do a better job,
he’s starten to look like Howard Huse in his last days.
May 6th, 2009 at 11:51 pm
does anyone know of any Militia’s in nj that i can join.. becouse shit is getting out of control and we need to do something instead of sitting on our asses becouse we are running out of time… death to the NEW WORLD ORDER…
May 7th, 2009 at 1:10 am
The Rockefellers are at the top of the pyramid! David Rockefeller told the Pope what to do and the Pope listened. The founding members of the Trilateral Commission are calling the shots. David Rockefeller is laughing at you in all your misery while his family lives in the lap of luxury. How long will you let the Rockefeller family rule over your children, America!?????
May 7th, 2009 at 2:15 am
been on this forum for awhile, I always know when new people are waking up when they start reciting the bible. I reacted the same way!!! LOL. One thing we, here at the forum, have a common with the oligarchs; we think very little of the public. As we want to educate and inform, the oligarchs want to control them. The general public allow and ask for enslavement. Sad indeed.
May 7th, 2009 at 2:30 am
My old ho: Please kill yourself.
May 7th, 2009 at 3:19 am
ive been coming to this site for the past year or so now and EVERY DAY its the same old story on the boards underneath every article…people calling for revolution and “off with their heads” so to speak yet nothing ever happens nor will it ever happen…granted some of you on this site are genuine with your beliefs which is fine but QUIT TYPING about it…a revolution isnt going to happen with you at your keyboard.
simply put…whats the point of panic buying guns and ammo if all you do with it is let it sit in a gun safe or shoot squirrels with them on weekends with the “good ol boys?”
now i will await the responses which im sure will be the typical cliche sort you always find on here.
edward Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 3:42 am
while you sleep.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyMAV6If_eo
May 7th, 2009 at 3:55 am
The only hope is for the Rockefellers to have a violent disagreement with the Rothschilds one day!!
May 7th, 2009 at 4:12 am
G.W.Bush Snr is a pedo
May 7th, 2009 at 5:23 am
I wish some wouldn’t follow Alex in such a cult/religious/messiah way. Alex doesn’t wake people up. You, yourself, woke up. It’s like giving credit to god for some accomplishment. I love Alex to some extent. He is quite passionate and does provide some credible information. Other than that the man is trying to make a buck. Nothing more.
Some proof you might ask. Well take a look at the Obama deception I believe it was where the gentleman followed him from the Bilderberg meeting. Hysterical at best. The man followed him right to Qdoba. I believe to grab some lunch. It gets better to think that these globalization freaks actually care about Alex so much as to follow him. If he were a real threat, he would be dead.
I know I will be attacked with comments like drink more flouride, chemtrails, troll, fema camps will suit you nicely, etc. That’s very religious of you. Stop thinking the situation is so dire. Throughout history good has always prevailed evil. The largest empires have came tumbling down. Some of you should lighten up and take a bum to dinner or something.
P.S. This should be titled as last years Bilderberg meeting. Thats already been decided.
Truth Hurts Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 1:05 pm
Are you sure that good has always prevailed over evil? What is your proof of this? It looks to me that evil men always win throughout history, and in fact the same evil men (Illuminati) have been winning for at least centuries!!!!
May 7th, 2009 at 5:33 am
Leaked Agenda: Bilderberg Group Plans Economic Depression
Give it a rest Watson…are you trying for the “most articles submitted in a calender year” award?
Proof before sensationalism..”it should be the cornerstone of good journalism”..Watson ya’ weasel.
May 7th, 2009 at 5:56 am
MR KNOW IT ALL “SAYING WE ARE ALL HIS CHILDREN, 2000 YRS LATER THE NUT JOBS HAS JESUS HIMSELF BEING GOD.” This was said to happen, apostle Paul warn us of this, that after their death there were to be an apostosy that would develop within the Christian congreation that will cause divisions and lies.-Act20:30, 2Pet.2:1,3…2 Thess.2:3..1Tim 4:1..Rom16:17,18..Isa.32:6. …just a thought : )
May 7th, 2009 at 7:41 am
Alex Jones does this for money? LOL. He could be making millions of dollars if he was like Sean Hannity or Rush Limbaugh. Last time I checked, making a living for your family isn’t illegal. Oh wait, maybe it is now?
May 7th, 2009 at 7:54 am
Why don’t we call the Bilderberg Group what it really is–a crime syndicate?
May 7th, 2009 at 7:59 am
The NWO is ready for a culling.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhFhkclwBw8
May 7th, 2009 at 8:05 am
Those fuckers! They just had to hold they’re little conference on the 14th!!!!!!! Thats my birthday!!!!!! Down with the NWO!!!!!!
May 7th, 2009 at 8:18 am
Well, like all the other leaked Bilderberg info over the years, this is coming to pass before our very eyes. I challenge each and every one of you to do your best to inform as many people as possibly about Bilderberg. Ignore the end game, ignore 911, ignore most of the horrible things we know to be true. That information is LOST on the sleeping.
But you simply can’t deny what Bilderberg is doing, it’s reported on sites like this, then in a few months it’s FACT.
Spread this leaked info like herpes, because once you have a reason to look into the rabbit hole, you’ll probably keep finding reasons to dig deeper, it worked on me. I was against this stuff calling people like you, and me now, crazies, but once you start digging around a kernel of truth, the whole damn charade crumbles around you.
This is the key to getting people informed, involved, and willing to LISTEN to what we have to say. They won’t listen when you say 911 was an inside job, they won’t listen when you say the government is criminal. But if you can show them, a secret society right in their faces controlling the damn world, they can’t ignore it.
Jared Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 8:54 am
Good idea.
May 7th, 2009 at 8:19 am
Aren’t all towers phallic?
Half-Grand Reply:
May 8th, 2009 at 2:13 pm
In The CBD in Adelaide Australia, at the beginning of the main business district. A small phallic monument is there.
I have not read what is engraved on it yet but I should take a look.
May 7th, 2009 at 8:55 am
The criminal masterminds known as the Bilderburglars along with the Federal Reserve are 90 % of the worlds problems today, and the United States and there boss Israel and the UK is the headquarters (Head office) of corruption. You can either believe it, pass it on, do something about it or worry that someone will call you a name like conspiracy theorist. Remember that a name will not kill you, but these criminals will
May 7th, 2009 at 9:01 am
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSmVmg544_0
May 7th, 2009 at 9:44 am
“Your 401(k) isn’t doing too well, is it? But you’re footing the bill for some lucky stiffs who don’t have to worry about market crashes, medical costs or inflation.”
These LUCKY STIFFS don’t have to worry about any of these events – it won’t effect their pay or penson or health benefits.
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/0216/078.html
May 7th, 2009 at 9:51 am
go to http://thefightofyourlife.wetpaint.com if you wish to remain a free american. Be sure to check my daily log. I give an account of mounting events and update daily.
stop leaving comments at infowars like a bunch of clones that do. Start a website or a blog. DO something to put your 2 cents in.
Thank you
jackal210 Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 10:18 am
like you just did here, as you advertise your site to go do the same thing, we are clones if we chat here, but smart if we chat on your site, hmmmmmmm
May 7th, 2009 at 10:12 am
I have a question, and I don’t mean to sound disrespectful. It seems to me there are many of you who have quite a bit of religious knowledge and belief, as I see far too many posts for every article that mentions religion. I believe that a vast majority of people who come to this website to read the articles and/or post a comment are good people who want to see this country restored to it’s original glory, and that the greater good should always come first. I believe, therefore, that the posts containing religious knowledge and/or beliefs would be better suited being sent to the NWO elitist scumbags and so-called elected officials who are responsible for EVERYTHING that has gone wrong in this world. No one on this website is responsible for what has gone wrong, and quite frankly, I get tired of reading about the fire and brimstone of hell and how the Devil’s greatest feat was to convince people he doesn’t exist, etc, etc. Send this information to those who have done the damage and NEED to read these posts! Who knows, with a little hope and a prayer, one or some of these NWO scumbags may take heed of your powerful religious message!
May 7th, 2009 at 10:56 am
I just realized something looking at the picture of bernanke in the limo:
If they go to all this trouble of having a secret meeting in a secret location, you’d think it would be obvious to have tinted windows on their limo’s to protect their identity.
Yet there he is behind the bullet proof glass for everyone to see.
Could it be that they WANT us to see them?
DreamToShare Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 3:33 pm
They don’t care anymore. They they dont worry , since the majority is still sleep. You need to understand one thing and that is this people have their backs covered with army. They are the ones controling the army in Europe and USA and some other countries. Guess what , any country refusing NWO will face a CUDETA, that is in thier plan. One world government and a world controled and run by army ! But are they going to accomplish this ? My answer is NO§ They can hold meetings and plan and plan….but something is going to happen. The pit that they have daged for humanity going to be their pit.
May 7th, 2009 at 11:48 am
To the friendly Greek protesters, The Bilderbergs are coming to a hotel near you. These are the people responsible for all your problems. Your government is a puppet of the Bilderberg Group. Get ready Vouliagmeni!
May 7th, 2009 at 4:16 pm
Again.. why not organize and have a tea party protest about this…… I bet not one news agency will cover it??
May 7th, 2009 at 4:21 pm
hope and change!!!!!!
http://www.uniteordie.org
Me Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 5:29 pm
I hope the wrinkley old TWAT gets hit by a bus.
May 7th, 2009 at 5:26 pm
Come on people..Whats the point in following David Cockerfellas plans..He looks like an evil old SCROTUM who is DEFINATELY going to die….In Agony I hope.
May 7th, 2009 at 5:32 pm
Why don’t you all hear it directly from the horses mouth, in this case, the Elitist’s mouth. He got kicked out of the Bilderberg collective and here’s what he has to say on all this. 10 minutes on youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK-pR2Vu_Mo
jw Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 7:55 pm
wow…thanks for this powerful post!
Angel Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 9:12 pm
You are welcome. It’s amazing.. Frightening, and almost unbelievable, but it’s there. It is what these evil subhuman beings are planning. Just cuz they have money, doesn’t make them human. Everyone should take 10 minutes out of their lives and watch this video. There’s loads of good stuff on the internet, but this sums it up in a nutshell. Perhaps someone can find a way we can fight these guys. They KNOW the will of the American people and that makes THEM afraid. So they poison us, chemtrail us, vaccinate us with disease, ETC. We can and WILL prevail if we get the word out. FREEDOM is worth fighting for. It’s why our founding fathers left Europe in the first place. LETS NOT GIVE AWAY WHAT OUR FOUNDING FATHERS FOUGHT WITH THEIR LIVES TO GIVE TO US!!
Aussie Reply:
May 7th, 2009 at 11:20 pm
He’s either legitimate or a stark raving lunatic…i lean towards the latter!
What would his 14 year old daughter be doing walking in on a group of World leaders!
Keep an open mind people…don’t fall for every juicy tid-bit that comes your way!!!
Angel Reply:
May 9th, 2009 at 12:08 am
Of course this is either legitimate or lunatic. Those are the only 2 answers. He brought his kids for vacation and we know teens (got em myself). It’s not unrealistic they’d walk in the room. Imagine your kid at “kid’s come to work” day. When they want to talk to daddy, they talk to daddy, because they too have been worked and conditioned to continue this elitist world order. ……… This guy has nothing to gain by telling everyone what they are doing. He was ONE of them. He left.. That happens. Disgruntals are the best sources of information…. They don’t care……. Think man, think.. The FEMA body boxes, the FEMA camps coming up around the country ( do you think Hitler had his camps built as the prisoners came in? NO, they were already THERE, because these elitists prepared for them.. oh, and Hitler was a lab experiment.. for these elitists to see how he can gain power and either keep it or lose it) for the BIG ONE.. Think more.. bogus Swine flu to dumb us down for what is really to come and to get us to take vaccines filled with chemicals, chemtrails, poisons in our food and water.. and the list goes on and on. AUSSIE, open your eyes.. please.. study both sides then decide.. don’t just think “if I wouldn’t do it, no one will”.
May 7th, 2009 at 5:32 pm
That fat twat Al Gore reckons he can chin me! Well I say “bring it on lard arse”
May 7th, 2009 at 5:42 pm
I don’t want to brag about It..But He run home crying saying he was going to get the wothschilds on me..Who are they? Natham Rothchild took his shirt off…just like a Gypo.
May 7th, 2009 at 5:47 pm
stop the fighting you two think about the Earth
May 7th, 2009 at 5:50 pm
I reckon I could take on at least 10 Jesuits with my “Nunchucks”
May 7th, 2009 at 5:53 pm
“Bring it on then you baldy head mother fucker”
May 7th, 2009 at 7:13 pm
It might be a deadly randezvous. Queen Beatrix allready killed 8 on Queen Beatrix’s day in Holand. Protest but be carefull!
May 7th, 2009 at 7:58 pm
Yes. Bias cannot be avoided.
May 7th, 2009 at 8:54 pm
Hermann Göring, Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe, President of the Reichstag, Prime Minister of Prussia, Plenipotentiary for the Implementation of the Four Year (economic) Plan, and designated successor to Hitler.
From: historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-goering.htm
The propaganda minister was Josef Goebbels.
May 12th, 2009 at 10:57 am
Here is an opportunity for users of Facebook to spread awareness of the Bilderberg Group. Join the group and invite your friends to do so. Many people do not know of the Bilderberger’s existence. Facebook provides a chance to help wake up some of the people who normally wouldn’t touch this subject.
Join the “I wasn’t invited to Bilderberg 2009 in Vouliagmeni Greece, May 14th-17th” Facebook Group
http://www.facebook.com/group......amp;ref=ts
Here is an opportunity for users of Facebook to spread awareness of the Bilderberg Group. Join the group and invite your friends to do so. Many people do not know of the Bilderberger’s existence. Facebook provides a chance to help wake up some of the people who normally wouldn’t touch this subject.